Table 3. Tumor-free time period: Hazard ratios (HR) for low versus high levels of immune markers.
Models† | Unadjusted model | Adjusted | |||||||
Model | N | Comparison | HR | 95% CI | p-value | Age* | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
CD3ε | 136 | low vs. high | 1.9 | 1.1–3.2 | 0.03 | 50 | 2.6 | 1.2–5.7 | 0.01 |
60 | 1.8 | 1.03–3.2 | 0.04 | ||||||
70 | 1.2 | 0.63–2.4 | 0.53 | ||||||
Age x CD3ε interaction p = 0.10 | |||||||||
IFN-γ | 138 | low vs. high | 0.71 | 0.42–1.2 | 0.21 | any | 0.73 | 0.42–1.2 | 0.24 |
CD25 | 136 | low vs. high | 1.9 | 1.1–3.3 | 0.02 | 50 | 3.2 | 1.4–7.2 | 0.004 |
60 | 1.9 | 1.04–3.3 | 0.04 | ||||||
70 | 1.1 | 0.55–2.1 | 0.84 | ||||||
Age x CD25 interaction p = 0.02 | |||||||||
CD68 | 137 | low vs. high | 2.3 | 1.3–4.2 | 0.004 | 50 | 3.9 | 1.7–8.7 | 0.001 |
60 | 2.3 | 1.29–4.2 | 0.005 | ||||||
70 | 1.4 | 0.70–2.8 | 0.34 | ||||||
Age x CD68 interaction p = 0.04 | |||||||||
ICAM-1 | 136 | low vs. high | 1.6 | 0.94–2.8 | 0.08 | 50 | 2.3 | 1.1–4.9 | 0.04 |
60 | 1.6 | 0.91–2.8 | 0.11 | ||||||
70 | 1.1 | 0.57–2.2 | 0.75 | ||||||
Age x ICAM-1 interaction p = 0.12 | |||||||||
IL-10 | 79 | low vs. high | 1.6 | 0.82–3.2 | 0.16 | any | 1.8 | 0.87–3.7 | 0.12 |
Score** | 135 | 1–3 vs. 0 | 2.8 | 1.3–5.9 | 0.008 | 50 | 4.5 | 1.5–14 | 0.009 |
60 | 2.6 | 1.2–6 | 0.02 | ||||||
70 | 1.5 | 0.6–3.5 | 0.38 | ||||||
4 vs. 0 | 2.5 | 1.2–5.4 | 0.02 | 50 | 4.2 | 1.4–12.9 | 0.01 | ||
60 | 2.4 | 1.09–5.5 | 0.03 | ||||||
70 | 1.4 | 0.60–3.4 | 0.42 |
Separate Cox models for each biomarker.
Adjusted for gender, age at initial BCC, interaction of age with time.
*Some models have an interaction of biomarker level (binary) with age at initial BCC removal (continuous variable), as shown above. When the interaction was present, the effect of mRNA marker level is interpreted for a specific age.
**Combined score defined as the number of mRNA markers out of CD3ε, CD25, CD68, and ICAM-1 that are below the median: 0 (none below) / 1–3 (some below) / 4 (all below). P-value for age by score interactions are p = 0.07 and p = 0.08 for some vs. none and all vs. none, respectively.
Effects are presented separately for age 50, 60, and 70 where age moderated effects.