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. 2011 Sep 29;6(9):e25600. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025600

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Fazzi et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Homogenous MPC populations can be induced to differentiate to early MSCs by activating the Wnt5/Calmodulin pathway via Fzd1. Terminal differentiation to late MSCs is related to down-regulation of either Wnt5/Calmodulin pathway or Dkk1-mediated inhibition of canonical signalling. Plastic adherence in different culture conditions and timing could lead to the isolation of the three different populations easily distinguishable by morphology, phenotype and proliferation rate.