Table 2.
Bivariate associations for complete remission and clinical factors of potential prognostic significance.
| Prognostic Factor | N | N (%) Complete remission | Hazards Ratio (95% CI)* | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early seizure outcome | ||||
| Remission | 156 | 111 (71.5%) | 1.00** + | |
| Unclear | 102 | 50 (49%) | 0.46 (0.33, 0.65) | <0.0001 |
| Pharmacoresistant | 36 | 9 (25%) | 0.20 (0.10, 0.39) | <0.0001 |
| Evidence of underlying brain disorder | ||||
| Absent | 203 | 137 (67.5%) | 1.00** | |
| Present | 91 | 33 (36.3%) | 0.39 (0.27, 0.58) | <0.0001 |
| Abnormal MRI | 55 | 18 (32.7%) | 0.35 (0.21, 0.57) | <0.0001 |
| Abnormal exam | 43 | 16 (37.2%) | 0.42 (0.25, 0.71) | 0.001 |
| Intellectual Disability only | 11 | 3 (37.3%) | 0.31 (0.10, 0.97) | 0.04 |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder only | 4 | 1 (25%) | 0.25 (0.03, 1.76) | 0.16 |
| Age at onset | ||||
| <2 years | 66 | 43 (65.2%) | 1.00** + | |
| 2− | 88 | 52(59.1%) | 0.72 (0.48, 1.11) | 0.11 |
| 5− | 85 | 51 (60.0%) | 0.78 (0.52, 1.18) | 0.24 |
| 10+ years | 55 | 24 (43.6%) | 0.50 (0.30, 0.82) | 0.006 |
| Status epilepticus | ||||
| None within 2 years | 254 | 154 (60.6%) | 1.00** | |
| 1+ Episodes | 40 | 16 (40.0%) | 0.48 (0.29, 0.81) | 0.006 |
| Convulsive seizures | ||||
| None | 112 | 61 (54.5%) | 1.00** | |
| Present | 182 | 109 (59.9%) | 1.16 (0.85, 1.58) | 0.36 |
| History of febrile seizures** | ||||
| None | 250 | 143 (57.2%) | 1.00** | |
| Present | 42 | 26 (61.9%) | 1.01 (0.66, 1.53) | 0.97 |
| Family history of epilepsy–first degree relative*** | ||||
| None | 267 | 156 (58.4%) | 1.00** | |
| 1+ relatives | 23 | 12 (52.2%) | 0.77 (0.43, 1.39) | 0.39 |
| Initial seizure frequency | ||||
| <1/month | 70 | 39 (55.7%) | 1.00**++ | |
| 1–9/month | 168 | 100 (59.2%) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.84 |
| 10–49/month | 33 | 19 (57.6%) | ||
| ≥50/month | 23 | 12 (52.1%) |
(95% CI):95% confidence interval
Referent group. For underlying brain disorders, each group defined by the presence of specific underlying disorder is tested relative to the referent group only. The underlying disorders, however, are not mutually exclusive.
Treated as an ordinal variable, the effect estimate for early outcome is 0.45 (95% CI 0.35, 0.58, p<0.0001) for a change from remission to unclear and unclear to pharmacoresistant. For age at onset grouping, the estimates effect when treated as an ordinal variable was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.72, 0.97, p=0.02).
Missing on 2 individuals who were adopted for febrile seizures and four individuals for family history.
Tested as an ordinal variable only. The hazards ratio estimate reflects the change in complete remission rates with each incremental change in seizure frequency category.