Table 2.
Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiography variables among hemoglobin SS patients by TRV groups.
| N | TRV<2.7 m/sec | N | TRV 2.7 to <3.0 m/sec | N | TRV≥3.0 m/sec | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical and laboratory features | |||||||
| Age (years)** | 258 | 33 (32, 35) | 124 | 38 (36, 41) | 53 | 43 (39, 46) | <0.0001* |
| Female gender, n (%) | 258 | 136 (53) | 124 | 64 (52) | 53 | 21 (40) | 0.14 |
| Hydroxyurea treatment, n (%) | 258 | 116 (45) | 124 | 56 (45) | 53 | 17 (32) | 0.17 |
| Chronic transfusion program, n (%) | 257 | 49 (19) | 124 | 28 (23) | 53 | 17 (32) | 0.045 |
| History of acute chest syndrome, n (%) | 258 | 120 (47) | 124 | 52 (42) | 53 | 26 (49) | 0.9 |
| History of priapism, n (%) | 122 | 42 (34) | 60 | 22 (37) | 32 | 7 (22) | 0.3 |
| History of leg ulcer, n (%) | 258 | 47 (18) | 124 | 34 (27) | 53 | 15 (28) | 0.030 |
| >2 pain episodes past year, n (%) | 258 | 99 (38) | 124 | 57 (46) | 53 | 22 (42) | 0.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2)*** | 254 | 22.9 (22.5, 23.4) | 122 | 23.8 (23.0, 24.6) | 50 | 24.0 (22.8, 25.3) | 0.07 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)** | 257 | 117 (115, 118) | 124 | 117 (115, 119) | 53 | 124 (120, 129) | 0.001* |
| Systemic pulse pressure (mm Hg)** | 257 | 49 (48, 50) | 124 | 50 (48, 52) | 53 | 57 (54, 61) | <0.0001* |
| Systemic oxygen saturation (%)** | 256 | 97 (96, 97) | 122 | 96 (95, 96) | 53 | 94 (93, 95) | <0.0001* |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL)** | 252 | 9.0 (8.8, 9.2) | 120 | 8.3 (8.0, 8.5) | 52 | 8.4 (7.8, 8.9) | <0.0001* |
| White blood cell count (1000/μL)** | 253 | 9.4 (9.0, 9.8) | 120 | 9.6 (9.1, 10.2) | 52 | 10.2 (9.2, 11.2) | 0.14 |
| Platelet count (1000/μL)** | 252 | 361 (343, 379) | 120 | 355 (335, 376)) | 52 | 332 (298, 370) | 0.13 |
| Hemoglobin F (%)*** | 231 | 6 (5, 7) | 110 | 5 (4, 7) | 48 | 4 (3, 6) | 0.08 |
| Erythropoeitin (U/L)*** | 234 | 70 (64, 77) | 112 | 79 (69, 91) | 48 | 102 (77, 137) | 0.001* |
| BUN (mg/dL)*** | 254 | 8 (8, 9) | 121 | 10 (9, 11) | 53 | 14 (9, 27) | <0.001* |
| Creatinine (mg/dL)** | 254 | 0.69 (0.66, 0.73) | 121 | 0.74 (0.69, 0.79) | 53 | 1.12 (0.90, 1.39) | <0.0001* |
| Reticulocytes (%)** | 231 | 8.2 (7.6, 8.9) | 117 | 9.4 (8.3, 10.6) | 51 | 9.4 (7.6, 11.6) | 0.021 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/L)** | 235 | 403 (378, 431) | 110 | 434 (414, 510) | 49 | 498 (436, 569) | 0.003 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)** | 246 | 41 (38, 43) | 120 | 45 (41, 50) | 51 | 50 (44, 58) | 0.003 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL)** | 252 | 2.6 (2.4, 2.8) | 120 | 2.8 (2.5, 3.2) | 51 | 3.0 (2.5, 3.5) | 0.13 |
| Hemolytic component (relative unit)** | 212 | −0.26 (−0.44, −0.07) | 105 | 0.39 (0.10, 0.68) | 46 | 0.67 (0.21, 1.12) | <0.0001* |
| Ferritin (μg/L)*** | 234 | 266 (227, 313) | 112 | 330 (263, 417) | 48 | 417 (279, 623) | 0.014 |
| Echocardiography parameters | |||||||
| Left atrial volume index (ml/m2)** | 252 | 44 (43, 46) | 121 | 53 (49, 56) | 48 | 56 (49, 63) | <0.0001* |
| Left ventricular mass index (g/m2)** | 254 | 107 (104, 111) | 122 | 118 (113, 124) | 50 | 124 (110, 139) | <0.0001* |
| Ejection Fraction (Simpson’s %)** | 253 | 61 (60, 62) | 122 | 62 (61, 63) | 50 | 61 (59, 64) | 0.4 |
| LV internal diastolic dimension (mm)** | 258 | 48(46, 49) | 124 | 51 (50, 52) | 53 | 48 (43, 54) | 0.045 |
| LV lateral E/e′ ratio*** | 256 | 6.2 (6.0, 6.4) | 122 | 6.7 (6.4, 7.1) | 53 | 8.2 (7.2, 9.2) | <0.0001* |
*
Significant after Bonferroni correction.
**
mean (95% CI)
***
geometric mean (95% CI)