Table 4.
Mulitvariable Models of Associations between Maternal Phthalate and BPA Measures at Two Times and Early Infant Neurobehavior for NNNS Scales with Significant Bivariate Findings at p<.10
NNNS Subscale | Covariates Included | n | Beta | SE | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DBP | |||||
| |||||
Arousal – 26w | 332 | −0.072 | 0.036 | 0.04 | |
Higher DBP exposure associated with lower (improved) arousal |
Log2 creatinine | 0.105 | 0.052 | 0.04 | |
Age at exam | 0.011 | 0.008 | 0.16 | ||
Sex | −0.015 | 0.078 | 0.84 | ||
Weight change | −.0002 | .0001 | 0.07 | ||
Drink1 | −0.060 | 0.085 | 0.48 | ||
Drink2 | −0.270 | 0.113 | 0.02 | ||
Log2 cotinine max | 0.014 | 0.011 | 0.18 | ||
| |||||
Regulation – 26w | 329 | 0.080 | 0.041 | 0.05 | |
Higher DBP exposure associated with higher (improved) self- regulation |
Log2 creatinine | −0.109 | 0.060 | 0.07 | |
Age at exam | −0.001 | 0.009 | 0.91 | ||
Sex | −0.144 | 0.089 | 0.11 | ||
Weight change | 0.0004 | 0.0002 | 0.02 | ||
Marital status1 | −0.419 | 0.137 | 0.002 | ||
Marital status 2 | −0.246 | 0.123 | 0.05 | ||
Drink1 | 0.063 | 0.097 | 0.52 | ||
Drink2 | 0.242 | 0.129 | 0.06 | ||
High risk status | −0.195 | 0.132 | 0.14 | ||
| |||||
Handling - 26w | 325 | −0.038 | 0.016 | 0.02 | |
Higher DBP exposure associated with less handling needed |
Log2 creatinine | 0.049 | 0.023 | 0.03 | |
Age at exam | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.12 | ||
Sex | −0.030 | 0.034 | 0.39 | ||
| |||||
Movement Quality – 26w | 339 | 0.054 | 0.029 | 0.067 | |
Higher DBP exposure associated with trend of improved movement quality |
Log2 creatinine | −0.100 | 0.043 | 0.02 | |
Age at exam | 0.014 | 0.006 | 0.02 | ||
Sex | −0.060 | 0.063 | 0.34 | ||
Marital status1 | −0.262 | 0.097 | 0.008 | ||
Marital status 2 | −0.130 | 0.087 | 0.14 | ||
High risk status | −0.393 | 0.095 | <.0001 | ||
| |||||
Hypotonia* - 16w | 346 | 0.186 | 0.114 | 0.10 | |
Log2 creatinine | −0.037 | 0.166 | 0.82 | ||
Age at exam | −0.035 | 0.026 | 0.17 | ||
Sex | −0.109 | 0.258 | 0.67 | ||
Hypotonia* - 26w | 332 | 0.197 | 0.122 | 0.11 | |
Log2 creatinine | −0.167 | 0.175 | 0.35 | ||
Age at exam | −0.36 | 0.027 | 0.18 | ||
Sex | 0.030 | 0.264 | 0.91 | ||
| |||||
DEHP | |||||
| |||||
Nonoptimal Reflexes
**
26w males |
158 | 0.216 | 0.090 | 0.02 | |
Higher DBP exposure associated with more nonoptimal reflexes |
Log2 creatinine | −0.018 | 0.140 | 0.90 | |
Age at exam | −0.011 | 0.024 | 0.65 | ||
Income | 0.005 | 0.003 | 0.14 | ||
Weight change | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.52 | ||
26w females | 174 | 0.019 | 0.082 | 0.82 | |
Log2 creatinine | −0.034 | 0.143 | 0.81 | ||
Age at exam | 0.016 | 0.028 | 0.58 | ||
Income | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.05 | ||
Weight change | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0.52 | ||
| |||||
BPA | |||||
| |||||
Hypotonia* - 16w | 346 | 0.179 | 0.104 | 0.09 | |
Higher BPA exposure associated with trend of more hypotonia (reduced tone) |
Log2 creatinine | 0.067 | 0.153 | 0.66 | |
Age at exam | −0.038 | 0.026 | 0.14 | ||
Sex | −0.118 | 0.261 | 0.65 | ||
Black race | −0.341 | 0.310 | 027 |
Logistic regression applied. Manuscript text reports odds ratio.
Sex by phthalate interaction p-values: non-optimal reflexes and DEHP at 26 weeks p=0.04