Table 2.
Hazard ratios (95% CI)a for the association between NSAID use and colorectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study (n=301,240)
| Colorectal cancerb | Colon cancerc,d | Proximal colon cancer |
Distal colon cancer | Rectal cancer | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSAID use in past 12 monthse | |||||||
| No | Cases, n / person years | 650/ 3160 | 497/ 2418 | 293/ 1481 | 189/ 742 | 153/742 | |
| Reference | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | Cases, n / person years | 3244 / 15718 | 2392/ 11809 | 1391 / 7083 | 929 / 4400 | 852 / 3,909 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.80 (0.73, 0.87) | 0.78 (0.71, 0.86) | 0.77 ( 0.68, 0.88) | 0.79 (0.67, 0.92) | 0.87 (0.72, 1.03) | ||
| Frequency | |||||||
| Non-user | Cases, n / person years | 650/ 3160 | 497/ 2418 | 293/ 1481 | 189/ 882 | 153/ 742 | |
| Reference | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Monthly | Cases, n / person years | 1298/6533 | 946/ 4876 | 537/ 2835 | 380/ 1918 | 352/ 1657 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.98) | 0.86 (0.77, 0.96) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.96) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.08) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.21) | ||
| Weekly | Cases, n / person years | 749/ 3677 | 559/ 2784 | 320/ 1630 | 223/ 1063 | 190/ 894 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.76 (0.68, 0.84) | 0.75 (0.66, 0.84) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.85) | 0.78 (0.64, 0.95) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) | ||
| Daily | Cases, n / person years | 1197/ 5508 | 887/ 4149 | 534/ 2618 | 326/ 1419 | 310/ 1358 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.74 (0.67, 0.81) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.81) | 0.75 (0.65, 0.86) | 0.69 (0.57, 0.82) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.97) | ||
| P -trend | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.4945 | 0.0089 | 0.0011 | ||
| Aspirin use in past 12 monthse | |||||||
| No | Cases, n / person years | 1080/ 5236 | 790/ 3978 | 464/ 2418 | 303/ 1472 | 290/ 1348 | |
| Reference | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | Cases, n / person years | 2800/ 13490 | 2088/ 10201 | 1211/ 6102 | 813/3806 | 712/ 3289 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) | 0.94 (0.86, 1.02) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.04) | 0.94 ( 0.82, 1.07) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.96) | ||
| Frequency | |||||||
| Non-user | Cases, n / person years | 1080/ 5236 | 790/ 3978 | 464/ 2418 | 303/ 1472 | 290/ 1348 | |
| Reference | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Monthly | Cases, n / person years | 1199/ 5959 | 883/ 4451 | 489/ 2531 | 365/ 1787 | 316/ 1508 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.23) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.08) | ||
| Weekly | Cases, n / person years | 609/ 2971 | 415/ 2259 | 269/ 1359 | 173/ 831 | 154/ 713 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.88 (0.80, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | 0.89 (0.74, 1.08) | 0.80 (0.66, 0.97) | ||
| Daily | Cases, n / person years | 992/ 4559 | 715/ 3491 | 453/ 2212 | 275/ 1188 | 242/ 1068 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.86 (0.79, 0.94) | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.08) | 0.84 (0.71, 0.99) | 0.76 (0.64, 0.90) | ||
| P -trend | 0.0002 | 0.0225 | 0.4945 | 0.0089 | 0.0006 | ||
| Non-aspirin NSAID use in past 12 monthse | |||||||
| No | Cases, n / person years | 1965/ 9509 | 1468/ 7156 | 868/4363 | 557/ 2604 | 497/ 2354 | |
| Reference | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Yes | Cases, n / person years | 1908/ 9264 | 1404/ 6982 | 807/ 4154 | 553/ 2635 | 504/ 2283 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.82 (0.77, 0.87) | 0.81 (0.75, 0.87) | 0.78 (0.71, 0.86) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.95) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.97) | ||
| Frequency | |||||||
| Non-user | Cases, n / person years | 1965/ 9509 | 1468/ 7156 | 868/ 4363 | 557/2604 | 497/ 2354 | |
| Reference | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Monthly | Cases, n / person years | 1186/ 5841 | 888/ 4481 | 517/ 2687 | 344/ 1678 | 298/ 1360 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) | 0.89 (0.82, 0.97) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.98) | 0.90 (0.79, 1.04) | 0.87 (0.75, 1.00) | ||
| Weekly | Cases, n / person years | 407/ 1973 | 294/ 1451 | 161/ 840 | 123/ 569 | 113/ 522 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.76 (0.69, 0.85) | 0.74 (0.65, 0.84) | 0.68 (0.58, 0.81) | 0.82 (0.67, 0.99) | 0.84 (0.68, 1.03) | ||
| Daily | Cases, n / person years | 315/ 1450 | 222/ 1050 | 129/ 627 | 86/ 388 | 93/ 401 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 0.71 (0.63, 0.80) | 0.67 (0.58, 0.77) | 0.65 (0.54, 0.78) | 0.69 (0.55, 0.87) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.08) | ||
| P -trend | < 0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0004 | 0.0357 | ||
Abbreviations: BMI= body mass index, CI= confidence interval, HR=hazard ratio, NSAID= non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
a
HRs and 95% CIs come from models adjusted for age at cohort entry, sex, cigarette smoking status, race, physical activity level, BMI at study baseline, alcohol, education, race, physical activity level, BMI at study baseline, use of hormone replacement therapy, and having a first degree relative with history of colorectal cancer.
b
all adenomcarcinomas of the colon or rectum,
c
includes adenocarcinomas of the proximal and distal colon,
d
proximal or distal location is not known for all colon cancers
e
as reported at the time of completing the questionnaire