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. 2011 Oct;25(10):579–585. doi: 10.1089/apc.2011.0182

Table 3.

Vitamin D and HIV-Related Complications Among Women During Follow-Up (n=884)

Complication Episodes mean (SD)a Relative risk for low vitamin D (95% CI) p Valueb Adjusted relative risk for low vitamin D (95% CI)c p Valueb
Thrush 0.15 (0.50) 0.99 (0.70, 1.41) 0.96 0.94 (0.66, 1.34) 0.74
Acute upper respiratory tract infection 0.85 (1.19) 1.18 (1.02, 1.36) 0.02 1.18 (1.03, 1.37) 0.02
Reported mouth and throat ulcers 0.29 (0.98) 1.15 (0.86, 1.56) 0.34 1.05 (0.77, 1.44) 0.74
Painful tongue or mouth 0.32 (1.03) 1.07 (0.80, 1.43) 0.66 0.97 (0.71, 1.32) 0.83
Difficult or painful swallowing 0.16 (0.56) 1.06 (0.77, 1.46) 0.74 1.04 (0.74, 1.47) 0.83
Nausea and vomiting 0.36 (1.03) 1.06 (0.82, 1.36) 0.66 1.03 (0.79, 1.34) 0.83
Diarrhea 0.54 (1.20) 0.92 (0.73, 1.16) 0.50 0.91 (0.72, 1.14) 0.40
Dysentery 0.18 (0.63) 0.77 (0.56, 1.05) 0.10 0.77 (0.57, 1.03) 0.08
Fatigue 0.60 (1.42) 1.26 (1.00, 1.58) 0.05 1.15 (0.92, 1.45) 0.21
Rash 0.98 (1.77) 1.09 (0.88, 1.34) 0.43 1.04 (0.84, 1.28) 0.73
a

Mean number of episodes per year per woman (the average number of episodes per visit*12). Low vitamin D status was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations<32 ng/mL.

b

p values from Generalized Estimating Equations using Proc Genmod in SAS.

c

All multivariate models adjusted for age, HIV disease stage, CD4 cell count, BMI, primiparity, anemia (Hb<7.0 g/dL), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (>81 mm/h) at baseline, and multivitamin regime received.

SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.