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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 10.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Lett. 2011 Jul 18;206(2):166–171. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.07.009

Table 2.

Results of benchmark dose modeling for the relative gene expression levels of biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in kidneys of seven-week-old male and female F344 ratsa.

Gene Sex Model AICb GOFc BMDd BMDLd
Kim-1/Havcr1 Male Hill 456.8 >0.999 13.5 9.2
Linear 472.2 0.0007 4.3 3.5
Polynomial 467.4 0.006 7.2 4.8
Power 465.9 0.011 7.6 5.4
Female Hill 201.2 0.997 16.2 9.7
Linear 221.9 <0.0001 5.0 4.0
Polynomial 201.0 0.601 11.6 8.3
Power 201.4 0.527 10.8 8.4
Timp1 Male Hill 66.9 0.967 10.2 8.7
Linear 99.3 <0.0001 6.6 5.2
Polynomial 99.4 <0.0001 4.5 3.1
Power 99.3 <0.0001 6.6 5.2
Female Hill 50.0 0.984 15.5 9.4
Linear 58.5 0.031 6.9 5.5
Polynomial 60.2 0.015 8.0 4.8
Power 59.6 0.021 9.0 5.7
Clu Male Hill 207.3 0.006 10.3 8.7
Linear 249.7 <0.0001 7.9 6.2
Polynomial 246.1 <0.0001 3.9 2.7
Power 249.7 <0.0001 7.9 6.2
Female Hill 189.4 0.481 10.7 8.8
Linear 208.5 <0.0001 9.5 7.2
Polynomial 207.7 0.0001 5.3 3.5
Power 208.5 <0.0001 9.5 7.2
Lcn2 Male Hill 139.7 >0.999 15.9 9.6
Linear 178.7 <0.0001 4.4 3.5
Polynomial 143.0 0.354 10.5 7.9
Power 143.8 0.248 9.5 7.7
Female Hill 120.8 0.970 15.2 9.8
Linear 137.7 0.0003 5.4 4.4
Polynomial 119.9 0.777 12.6 8.9
Power 120.2 0.691 11.7 8.9
Spp1 Male Hill 148.6 0.987 12.1 8.9
Linear 175.9 <0.0001 5.6 4.5
Polynomial 177.4 <0.0001 4.7 3.2
Power 177.8 <0.0001 6.0 4.5
Female Hill 44.2 0.506 10.6 8.8
Linear 69.3 <0.0001 8.3 6.4
Polynomial 69.1 <0.0001 5.1 3.4
Power 69.3 <0.0001 8.3 6.4
a

Benchmark doses (BMDs) and the lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs) were calculated using Environmental Protection Agency Benchmark Dose Software (version 2.1.1; http://www.epa.gov/ncea/bmds). The calculations were conducted using Hill, linear, polynomial, and power models to fit the relative gene expression levels of Kim-1/Havcr1, Timp1, Clu, Lcn2, and Spp1 (mean ± SD; n = 6) and the mean doses of melamine and cyanuric acid from the entire seven-day study. The BMD was defined as the dose corresponding to a change in the mean response equal to one control standard deviation from the control mean.

b

AIC, Akaike information criterion.

c

GOF, Goodness of fit.

d

Relative gene expression.