Figure 3.

Strain-stiffening behaviors with unbinding and unfolding. (A) The number of various events depending on n (= $k_{\text{ub}}^0$/$k_{\text{ub},\text{r}}^0$ = $k_{\text{uf}}^0$/$k_{\text{uf},\text{r}}^0$) with $\dot{\gamma }$ = 10 s⁻¹. ${\dot{\gamma }}_{\text{eff}}$ = $\dot{\gamma }$ /n on the top horizontal axis is the effective shear strain rate. (B) Stress-strain behaviors and differential modulus, K = dτ/dγ, with different ${\dot{\gamma }}_{\text{eff}}$(legend). Thick dotted lines denote the best fits using Eq. 4 and its derivative. (C) Coefficients (c₁, triangles; and c₂, right-pointing triangles) and exponents (x₁, circles; and x₂, left-pointing triangles) of Eq. 4 with mechanical stiffness (κ_b,A for c₁ and x₁, and κ_s,A for c₂ and x₂) reduced by the factor in the x axis. (D) Maximum value of K (K_m), the corresponding stress (τ_m), and critical unbinding force ($F_{\text{ub}}^{\text{m}}$) with different ${\dot{\gamma }}_{\text{eff}}$, where $F_{\text{ub}}^{\text{m}}$ indicates the unbinding force of ACP, whose unbinding event initiates a decrease in K at K_m.