Table 3.
Crude risk ratios for selected risk factors for diarrhea among 1,036 children less than five years of age living in Kongwa, Tanzania, by follow-up period*
| Risk factor | 0–1 months | 1–3 months | 3–6 months | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person days | Episodes/person years | Rate | Crude RR (95% CI) | Person days | Episodes/person years | Rate | Crude RR (95% CI) | Person days | Episodes/person years | Rate | Crude RR (95% CI) | |
| Lives in MDA village | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 13,482 | 30 | 0.81 | 0.57 (0.37–0.89) | 27,874 | 74 | 0.97 | 0.79 (0.54–1.13) | 38,034.5 | 97 | 0.93 | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) |
| No | 15,928.5 | 62 | 1.42 | 1 | 27,646.5 | 94 | 1.24 | 1 | 31,839.5 | 93 | 1.07 | 1 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| M | 14,189 | 43 | 1.11 | 0.94 (0.63–1.39) | 27,030.5 | 85 | 1.15 | 1.08 (0.77–1.51) | 33,852 | 97 | 1.04 | 1.09 (0.79–1.50) |
| F | 15,221.5 | 49 | 1.17 | 1 | 2,8490 | 83 | 1.06 | 1 | 33,852 | 93 | 0.94 | 1 |
| Age < 2 years | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 10,440.5 | 58 | 2.02 | 3.10 (2.07–4.63) | 1,9845 | 96 | 1.77 | 2.32 (1.74–3.10) | 25,091.5 | 108 | 1.57 | 2.33 (1.71–3.19) |
| No | 18,970 | 34 | 0.65 | 1 | 35,675.5 | 72 | 0.74 | 1 | 44,782.5 | 82 | 0.68 | 1 |
| Siblings < 5 years of age | ||||||||||||
| ≥ 1 | 13,401.5 | 41 | 1.12 | 0.98(0.66–1.46) | 25,886 | 83 | 1.17 | 1.13 (0.85–1.51) | 32,952.5 | 94 | 1.04 | 1.11 (0.83–1.49) |
| None | 16,009 | 51 | 1.16 | 1 | 29,634.5 | 85 | 1.05 | 1 | 36,921.5 | 96 | 0.95 | 1 |
| Household head has < 1 year of education | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 13,048 | 38 | 1.06 | 0.88 (0.59–1.33) | 25,056.5 | 85 | 1.24 | 1.26 (0.93–1.71) | 32,046 | 92 | 1.04 | 1.10 (0.81–1.49) |
| No | 16,331 | 54 | 1.21 | 1 | 30,408 | 83 | 1.00 | 1 | 37,754.5 | 98 | 0.95 | 1 |
| Household has latrine | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 20,601 | 62 | 1.10 | 0.91(0.57–1.47) | 38,829 | 103 | 0.97 | 0.66 (0.49–0.89) | 48,853 | 139 | 1.04 | 1.10 (0.74–1.63) |
| No | 8,484 | 27 | 1.16 | 1 | 16,114 | 64 | 1.45 | 1 | 20,202 | 49 | 0.89 | 1 |
| Fresh water source ≥ 30 minutes away in dry season | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 20,909 | 64 | 1.12 | 0.93 (0.57–1.53) | 40,425 | 116 | 1.05 | 0.84 (0.59–1.20) | 51,670.5 | 142 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.66–1.47) |
| No | 8,414 | 28 | 1.21 | 1 | 14,927.5 | 51 | 1.25 | 1 | 17,969 | 48 | 0.98 | 1 |
| Treated with amoxicillin for ALRI during follow-up period | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 9,950.5 | 44 | 1.61 | 1.81 (1.20–2.74) | 22,942.5 | 101 | 1.61 | 2.08 (1.47–2.94) | 41,051 | 150 | 1.33 | 2.45 (1.76–3.41) |
| No | 19,460 | 48 | 0.90 | 1 | 32,578 | 67 | 0.75 | 1 | 17,969 | 40 | 0.51 | 1 |
*
Standard errors corrected for clustering at the balozi (neighborhood) level. Values in bold are statistically significant. RR = risk ratios; CI = confidence interval; MDA = mass distribution of azithromycin; ALRI = acute lower respiratory illness.