Table 2.
Distribution of demographic, socio-economic, and medical characteristics of the study population and their univariate association (odds ratio [OR], P value, 95% confidence intervals [CI]) with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC)
| Risk factor for VKC | % | OR | P value | CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Male gender | 51.0 | 1.78 | 0.003 | 1.22–2.61 |
| Living in hot dry climate | 51.0 | 1.6 | 0.014 | 1.10–2.32 |
| Urban environment | 50.3 | 1.37 | 0.086 | 0.95–1.96 |
| Age group | ||||
| 7–9 years | 44.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 10–11 years | 31.2 | 0.88 | 0.574 | 0.57–1.37 |
| 12–14 years | 24.9 | 1.08 | 0.722 | 0.70–1.69 |
| Trend | 1.03 | 0.811 | 0.82–1.28 | |
| Socio-economic characteristics | ||||
| Total economic level | ||||
| Poor | 19.4 | 1.0 | ||
| Middle | 47.1 | 1.44 | 0.214 | 0.81–2.59 |
| Rich | 33.5 | 2.14 | 0.009 | 1.20–3.84 |
| Trend | 1.45 | 0.004 | 1.12–1.87 | |
| House rent | ||||
| Low | 58.6 | 1.0 | ||
| Middle | 26.0 | 1.21 | 0.4 | 0.78–1.89 |
| High | 15.4 | 2.11 | 0.001 | 1.35–3.31 |
| Trend | 1.48 | 0.002 | 1.16–1.89 | |
| Professional level of head of household | ||||
| Subsistence agriculture or unemployed | 66.3 | 1.0 | ||
| Craftsmen, vocational | 17.2 | 1.38 | 0.182 | 0.86–2.22 |
| Office, civil servant, business | 16.5 | 1.76 | 0.012 | 1.12–2.75 |
| Trend | 1.37 | 0.01 | 1.08–1.74 | |
| Increasing number of rooms in the house | ||||
| 1 to 3 rooms | 55.8 | 1.0 | ||
| 4 rooms | 28.7 | 1.19 | 0.434 | 0.77–1.84 |
| 5 or more rooms | 15.5 | 2.07 | 0.001 | 1.31–3.25 |
| Trend | 1.45 | 0.003 | 1.14–1.85 | |
| Sleeping on foam mattress | 42.2 | 1.41 | 0.063 | 0.98–2.03 |
| House floor made of earth/clay | 62.9 | 0.65 | 0.021 | 0.45–0.94 |
| Close daily contact with animals | 41.2 | 0.67 | 0.043 | 0.45–0.99 |
| Medical characteristics | ||||
| Asthma | 0.9 | 4.7 | 0.002 | 1.6–14.1 |
| Eczema | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.94 | 0.1–8.6 |