Table 4.
Patient characteristics associated with poor adherence (N = 488)
| Characteristic | Adherence | Bivariate analysis OR (95% CI) or P value | Full model |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean) | Poor adherence, 37.8 | P = 0.58 | – |
| Good, 38.3 | |||
| Gender (1 = male) | % Poor | ||
| Men, 34.5% | 0.67 (0.46–0.97) | 0.70 (0.43–1.14) | |
| Women, 44.2% | |||
| Marital status (1 = married) | % Poor | ||
| Married, 38.2 | 1.08 (0.66–1.77) | 1.04 (0.78–1.92) | |
| Widowed, 45.1 | 0.56 (0.27–1.16) | 0.36 (0.13–1.01) | |
| Never, 25.5 | 2.10 (1.16–3.81) | 0.56 (0.26–1.22) | |
| Divorced, 59.3 | |||
| Education | Poor adherence, 6.4 | P < 0.001 | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) |
| (mean years) | Good, 7.8 | ||
| Community disclosure (1 = voluntary) | % Poor | ||
| Yes, voluntary 31.3 | 0.55 (0.24–1.30) | 0.79 (0.31–2.02) | |
| Do not know, 21.4 | 1.86 (1.02–3.38) | 1.22 (0.97–4.23) | |
| No, 44.2 | 1.31 (0.48–3.62) | 1.08 (0.23–4.54) | |
| Yes, forced 41.7 | |||
| Wealth (mean US$) | Poor $838 | P = 0.0075 | 1.00 (0.9998–1.0001) |
| Good $1237 | |||
| Has clinic buddy | Poor, 62.1% | 2.00 (1.38–2.89) | – |
| Good, 45.0% | |||
| HIV clinic access | Poor, 124 min. | 1.00 (0.998–1.003) | |
| Travel time required (median) | Good, 103 | P = 0.016 | |
| Travel cost per visit (median US$) | Poor, $1.97 | P = 0.07 | |
| Good, $2.04 | |||
| Food insecure | Poor, 51.3% | 1.68 (1.17–2.43) | 1.08 (0.68–1.70) |
| Good, 38.5% | |||
| ARV side effects | Poor, 67.6% | 2.63 (1.78–3.90) | 2.49 (1.54–4.03) |
| Good, 32.4% | |||
| IHDS (mean) | Poor, 8.6 | P = 0.001 | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) |
| Good, 9.3 | |||
| zMMSE (mean score) | Poor, 21.2 | P = 0.001 | – |
| Good, 21.9 | |||
| Shona EQ-5D (mean) | Poor, 8.2 | P = 0.09 | – |
| Good, 7.7 | |||
| Stigma score (mean) | Poor, 0.56 | P = 0.34 | – |
| Good, 0.47 |
Full Model: Adherence (poor = 1) = gender + marital status + years of education + community disclosure status + mean wealth + travel time + food insecurity + ARV side effects + IHDS.