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(a) Tank-treading motion gives rise to a lift force on flowing RBCs that tends to propel them to the center of the blood vessel (trajectory T1); this lift force also inhibits RBCs from migrating toward the periphery of blood vessels (trajectory T2). (b) Schematic representation of the optical trap and flow cell. A trapped RBC folds and is subjected to a shear flow. (Horizontal arrows) Direction of flow. (c) DIC image of a biconcave RBC. (d) DIC image of a trapped, folded RBC.
