Table 2.
Associations between factors at ART initiation and BCG-related regional adenitis due to IRIS
| Factors | Rate per 100 person-years (number of cases/PY) |
Univariable analyses | Multivariable analyses | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio1 (95% CI) |
P-value | Hazard Ratio1 (95% CI) |
P-value | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 33.5 (21/62.8) | 1 | 0.010 | 1 | |
| Female | 12.4 (11/88.8) | 0.38 (0.19–0.80) | 0.56 (0.26–1.18)3 | 0.129 | |
| Age (weeks) | |||||
| < 8 | 8.0 (6/75.1) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.029 |
| 8 to 11 | 23.2 (13/56.1) | 4.92 (2.20–11.01) | 2.56 (1.17–5.64) | ||
| 12 to 23 | 99.8 (10/10.0) | 9.16 (3.05–27.56) | 2.46 (0.79–7.61) | ||
| ≥ 24 | 29.0 (3/10.3) | 4.90 (1.51–15.90)2 | 1.07 (0.26–4.40)2 | ||
| CD4% | 0.68 (0.55–0.83) per 5% | <0.001 | 0.81 (0.65–1.01) per 5% | 0.058 | |
| < 20% | 60.8 (12/19.7) | ||||
| 20 to 24% | 40.7 (7/17.2) | ||||
| 25 to 29% | 11.2 (3/26.9) | ||||
| ≥ 30% | 11.3 (9/79.4) | ||||
| CD4 count cells/mm3 | 0.86 (0.81–0.91) per 100 cells/mm3 | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) per 100 cells/mm3 | <0.001 | |
| < 1000 | 72.1 (17/23.6) | ||||
| 1000 to 1999 | 19.1 (11/57.6) | ||||
| ≥ 2000 | 4.8 (3/62.1) | ||||
| HIV-1 RNA (copies/ml) | |||||
| < 750,000 | 3.4 (2/59.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| > 750,000 | 33.7 (30/88.9) | 9.49 (2.27–39.70) | 0.002 | 5.80 (1.37–24.54) | 0.017 |
| Weight-for-age z-score | 0.67 (0.49–0.91) per unit | 0.010 | 0.80 (0.60–1.08) per unit | 0.144 | |
| < −2 | 57.6 (11/19.1) | ||||
| −2 to < −1 | 17.2 (8/46.6) | ||||
| −1 to < 0 | 18.2 (8/43.9) | ||||
| ≥ 0 | 10.5 (4/38.0) | ||||
In Cox regression models, age, CD4%, CD4 count and weight-for-age z-score were analysed as continuous variables while HIV-1 RNA was defined as < or > 750,000 copies/ml.
Age was log transformed and fitted with a cubic spline (p-value for cubic term=0.015). To present the estimated effect of age, we derived from the fitted model the hazard at the approximate median age value within each of the age groups defined (age 7 weeks for the group <8 weeks, 9.5 for 8–11 weeks, 20 for 12–23 weeks and 36 for ≥ 24 weeks), and then calculated the corresponding hazard ratios.
The estimated hazard ratio for females compared to males was 0.40 (95% CI 0.19–0.84; p=0.015) when adjusted for age only (to allow for the possibility that the effect of gender is mediated through CD4 and HIV-1 RNA), and 0.56 (0.26–1.18; p=0.129) when CD4 count and HIV-1 RNA were further adjusted for.