Table 2.
Data regarding primary outcome measures, (Mean ± SD), collected at baseline and at subsequent visits at 3, 9 and 15 months
| Baseline | 3 months | 9 months | 15 months | Mean difference Baseline-15 months | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leisure exercise time (Minutes physical activity/week |
< 60 | 195 ± 96*** | 251 ± 149*** | 300 ± 165** | < 0.001*** | |
| Blood pressure(mm Hg) | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure | 147.4 ± 7.8 | 141.7 ± 9.8*** | 136.6 ± 8.3*** | 132.9 ± 6.7** | -14.5 ± 8.3 | < 0.001*** |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 84.8 ± 8.4 | 83.8 ± 7.6 | 79.7 ± 6.6*** | 79.7 ± 6.4** | -5.1 ± 5.8) | < 0.001*** |
| Heart rate (b/min) | 67.3 ± 10.7 | 64.1 ± 10.5* | 63.2 ± 6.8* | 62.4 ± 6.2* | -4.9 ± 8.7 | 0.003** |
| Weight (kg) | 89.7 ± 14.1 | 89.3 ± 14.0 | 89.0 ± 14.2 | 88.4 ± 13.6* | -1.2 ± 3.4 | 0.048* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.0 ± 4.8 | 31.8 ± 4.9 | 31.7 ± 5.0 | 31.4 ± 4.8* | -0.6 ± 1.2 | 0.001** |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 103.2 ± 11.3 | 100.8 ± 11.0* | 100.4 ± 10.0* | 99.7 ± 10.3* | -3.5 ± 4.1 | < 0.001*** |
| Lipid status (mmol/l) | ||||||
| Cholesterol | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 5.8 ± 0.9* | 5.7 ± 0.9* | -0.4 ± 1.0 | 0.02* |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0.6 | |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 0.6 | |
| Triglycerides | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.7 | |
| Plasma glucose | 5.4 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 1.2 | 5.6 ± 1.0 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | 0.35 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 0.18 | |
| Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) | Dependent sample t-test | |||||
| lit/min | 2.0 ± 0.4 | Not measured | Not measured | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 0.23 ± 0.34 | 0.001** |
| ml/kg | 22.6 ± 4.4 | Not measured | Not measured | 25.6 ± 5.6 | 2.94 ± 3.8 | < 0.001*** |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
The * at the follow up values refers to the post hoc test (contrasts) where follow up at 3, 9 and 15 months was compared with baseline. The p-value and * in the last column refers to the significance test of the R-ANOVA model or from dependent samples t-test when mentioned.