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. 2011 Sep 30;6(9):e25168. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025168

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Zhang et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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A. ELISA assay demonstrating that PC-3 cell lines express significantly (p<0.05) higher (×2–6 times) levels of TGF-β compared to benign prostate cell lines, BPH-1 and RWPE-1. Furthermore, PC-3M and PC-3M-LN4, secreted almost 2 times higher baseline levels of TGF-β1 compared to PC-3 and PC-3M-Pro4 cells, respectively, which are less invasive. B. A thymidine incorporation assay indicates that the growth of RWPE-1 and BPH-1 cells is inhibited significantly by exposure to TGF-β1. In comparison, the growth of PC-3 and PC-3M-Pro4 cells is only slightly inhibited, and PC-3M-LN4 and PC-3M cells show no significant response to TGF-β1 exposure. C. In all cancer cell lines (here we show PC-3 as an example), inhibition of TGF-β using the TβRIIDN construct results in significantly higher naïve TβRII expression, and D. higher TGF-β secretion. Similar findings are found in the findings in the more invasive cell lines. In comparison, there was no difference in the expression of TβRII in BPH-1 or RWPE-1 when they were infected with TßRIIDN (Table S1).