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. 2011 Sep 30;6(9):e25371. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025371

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Agarwal et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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The total time bees were on the shock half of the apparatus during the 5 minute training session is the punishment or “total time in shock side” during learning. Punishment time during learning for groups of bees fed sucrose (Control), or sucrose with treatment chemicals (OA, DA, OA+ Mianserin, Pimozide, DA+Pimozide) are shown. There are statistically significant effects of treatment on punishment time during learning (Factorial ANOVA for treatment group effect: F = 6.4083, df = 5, P<0.0001). The numbers in the bars indicate the number of individuals in each group. The bars with different letters are statistically significantly different (P<0.05) from each other in multiple comparisons.