Table 4.
Variation of activities collected by questionnairesa (Only results with statistical significance p < 0.05 were shown.)
| Age group |
Modelb | Day-typec | Seasond | Longi- tudinal |
Sexe | Employment Statusf |
Age of Childreng |
ICC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily activity: time spent on the activity per day (minute/day) | |||||||||
| Any moderate activity | Children | WE > WD | O > Y | 0.36 | |||||
| Parents | warm > cool | UE > E | 0.34 | ||||||
| Older | 0.26 | ||||||||
| Moderate outdoor activity (> 30 minutes) | Children | WE > WD | warm > cool | decreasing | 0.14 | ||||
| Parents | WE > WD | 0.15 | |||||||
| Older | 0.19 | ||||||||
| Any vigorous activity | Children | warm > cool | decreasing | M > F | 0.35 | ||||
| Parents | UE > E* | 0.32 | |||||||
| Older | 0.25 | ||||||||
| Vigorous outdoor activity (> 30 minutes) | Children | WE > WD | warm > cool | decreasing | 0.09 | ||||
| Parents | F > M* | 0.16 | |||||||
| Older | 0.16 | ||||||||
| Being in the garage | Children | WE > WD | 0.21 | ||||||
| Parents | 0.45 | ||||||||
| Older | 0.28 | ||||||||
| Using stove (adults) or approaching stove while someone cooking (children) |
Children | 0.44 | |||||||
| Parents | 0.40 | ||||||||
| Older | 0.28 | ||||||||
| Using computerb | Children | O | increasing | O > Y | 0.45 | ||||
| D | WE > WD | increasing | M > F | 0.37 | |||||
| Parents | O | WD > WE | 0.41 | ||||||
| D | WD > WE | M > F | E > UE | 0.31 | |||||
| Older | O | WD > WE | 0.43 | ||||||
| D | WD > WE | decreasing | E > UE | 0.31 | |||||
| Watching TVb | Children | O | decreasing | Y > O | 0.52 | ||||
| D | WE > WD | 0.46 | |||||||
| Parentsp | O | M > F | 0.44 | ||||||
| D | WE > WD | cool > warm | 0.31 | ||||||
| Olderp | O | 0.58 | |||||||
| D | 0.58 | ||||||||
| Weekly or Monthly activity: frequency (time/week or time/month) | |||||||||
| Moderate outdoor activity (> 30 minutes) per week | Children | -- | warm > cool | 0.38 | |||||
| Parents | -- | warm > cool | decreasing | 0.31 | |||||
| Older | -- | M > F | 0.40 | ||||||
| Vigorous outdoor activity (> 30 minutes) per week | Children | -- | decreasing | 0.40 | |||||
| Parents | -- | 0.30 | |||||||
| Older | -- | 0.43 | |||||||
| Purchasing gas at a gas station per week (adults only) | Parents | -- | 0.53 | ||||||
| Older | -- | M > F | E > UE | 0.58 | |||||
| Food store visit per week | Children | -- | warm > cool | decreasing | 0.64 | ||||
| Parents | -- | decreasing | UE > E | 0.70 | |||||
| Older | -- | 0.73 | |||||||
| Multi-purpose store visit per month | Children | -- | decreasing | 0.57 | |||||
| Parents | -- | decreasing | 0.64 | ||||||
| Older | -- | 0.52 | |||||||
| Other store visit per month | Children | -- | 0.61 | ||||||
| Parents | -- | decreasing | 0.60 | ||||||
| Older | -- | M > F | 0.61 | ||||||
| Barbeque per monthb | Childrenp | O | -- | warm > cool | 0.61 | ||||
| D | -- | warm > cool | 0.52 | ||||||
| Parentsp | O | -- | warm > cool | decreasing | 0.57 | ||||
| D | -- | warm > cool | 0.57 | ||||||
| Olderp | O | -- | warm > cool | M > F | 0.60 | ||||
| D | -- | warm > cool | M > F | 0.70 | |||||
a Only participants who completed diaries in two or more waves were included in this analysis.
b The generalized linear mixed-effects model was used for most activity data with normal or lognormal distribution. Mixed-distribution mixed-effects model was used for most of the activity data clumping at zero. The mixed-distribution mixed-effects model consists of two parts: whether an individual spent time t a location (occurrence - O) and how long he/she spent at that location (duration - D) (Tooze et al., 2002; Xie et al., 2004).
c weekday (WD) vs. weekend (WE). d warm (W) vs. cool (C). e male (M) vs. female (F).
f Employment status of adults (for analysis of adult data only): employed (E) vs. unemployed (UE).
g Children's age (for analysis of children's data only): increasing - older than 6-years-old > at 6 or younger; decreasing - older than 6-years-old < at 6 or younger.
* marginally significant; p O/D positively correlated