Table 2.

The effect of incretins or incretin based therapies on postprandial lipid metabolism in humans

Compound	Author	Intervention	Design	Study population	Findings
GLP-1	Meier et al. (2006) [77]	390-min IV infusion	randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study	14 healthy male volunteers	Reduced postprandial triglyceride and NEFA levels
GLP-1	Zander et al. (2002) [78]	6-week continuous SQ infusion	randomized, single-blinded, placebo controlled parallel study	20 patients with T2DM (10 in each group)	Decreased fasting and average 8-h post-meal NEFA levels
Exenatide	Cervera et al. (2008) [98]	6-hour continuous IV infusion	non-randomized single-blinded crossover study vs. control	12 subjects with T2DM	Reduced triglyceride response to mixed meal
Exenatide	Schwartz et al. (2008) [99]	2-week SQ injection twice a day	randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel study	30 patients with inadequately controlled T2DM	Decreased morning and evening postprandial triglyceride excursions, no effect after midday meal
Exenatide	Schwartz et al. (2010) [103]	Single SQ dose just before a high-fat meal	randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study	35 patients with impaired glucose tolerance or recent T2DM	Abolished responses of triglyceride, NEFA, RLPs, apoB48 and apoCIII to meal
Exenatide or Sitagliptin	DeFronzo et al. (2008) [100]	2-week SQ exenatide injection twice a day or sitagliptin orally once/day	double-blinded randomized crossover study	61 patients with T2DM treated with a stable regimen metformin	Reduced average 4-h post-meal triglyceride response after both. Reduction greater after exenatide (by ~10%)
Vildagliptin	Matikainen et al. (2006) [107]	4-week oral dose 50 mg twice/day	double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled parallel study	31 drug-naïve T2DM patients (n = 16 allocated to Vildagliptin)	Decreased postprandial TG-rich lipoproteins (total and chylomicrons, apoB-48)

SQ, subcutaneous; IV, intravenous;