Figure 3.

Schematic of P. aeruginosa virulence activation pathway due to adenosine, a host product of ischemia/reperfusion. Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion leads to the production of HIF-1α, which induces the release of adenosine into the intestinal lumen. Adenosine is transported into the bacterial where it is converted to inosine by adenosine deaminase. Inosine induces the expression of the coding region lecA, which is transcribed and translated into the protein PA-I lectin, which is secreted into the intestinal lumen and causes epithelial barrier dysfunction. All the above molecular components are represented by state variables in the GMABM, and the directional arrows indicate the presence of state transition rules.