Table 1.
Type of Biomarker and Associated Drug |
Biomarker with pharmacokinetic effect |
TPMT |
Mercaptopurine |
Thioguanine |
UGT1A1 |
Irinotecan |
Nilotinib |
Biomarker with pharmacodynamic effect |
EGFR |
Cetuximab |
Erlotinib |
Gefitinib |
Panitumumab |
KRAS |
Cetuximab |
Panitumumab |
ABL |
Imatinib |
Dasatinib |
Nilotinib |
C-Kit (KIT) |
Imatinib |
HER2/neu (ERBB2) |
Lapatinib |
Trastuzumab |
Estrogen receptor |
Tamoxifen |
Data are from the FDA's pharmacogenetics Web site (www.fda.gov/Drugs/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/Pharmacogenetics/ucm083378.htm). The biomarkers have been separated into pharmacokinetic effect (drug metabolism) and pharmacodynamic effect (drug target). Biomarkers for cytogenetic alterations have been excluded.