TABLE 2.

Percentage border error/difference for melanoma images for the gradient vector flow (GVF)-based method, Pagadala's technique, and manual borders from the second dermatologist

Image no	GVF-based method	Pagadala's technique	Borders from second dermatologist
1	13.90	6.22	17.36
2	12.10	13.20	6.15
3	16.69	7.85	5.89
4	22.32	73.65	6.04
5	15.03	22.55	4.85
6	21.37	7.35	6.14
7	27.09	804.48	18.37
8	18.41	32.16	10.56
9	14.17	21.66	11.33
10	15.23	21.26	9.93
11	14.99	10.96	7.35
12	27.33	11.32	16.29
13	21.38	8.99	4.80
14	16.17	23.80	6.99
15	19.61	20.93	13.38
16	18.32	14.30	10.08
17	21.08	29.48	8.21
18	36.03	23.50	7.39
19	22.82	16.37	3.33
20	11.69	23.25	7.87
21	31.12	251.36	5.48
22	28.41	31.26	4.23
23	20.34	35.38	6.54
24	14.74	17.87	10.75
25	20.95	1053.72	4.87
26	11.08	22.32	5.55
27	15.84	101.94	2.35
28	5.04	4.69	6.57
29	10.84	5.95	6.33
30	48.84	40.87	9.00
Mean	19.76	91.96	8.13
SD	8.60	234.46	3.99
Median	18.37	21.99	6.77

Mean, SD, and median results are provided for each approach. `Errors' are arbitrarily computed with respect to borders determined by the first dermatologist. GVF, gradient vector flow.