Figure 3. Measures of Absolute and Normalized Glucose Metabolism and Correlation Between Estimated Electromagnetic Field Amplitudes and Increases in Measures (N = 47 Participants).

A and B, Mean measures of absolute glucose metabolism (µmol/100 g per minute) and normalized glucose metabolism (region/whole brain; units cancel) in regions with increased metabolism during “on” vs “off” conditions (see “Methods” for description of conditions) in the brain area within the spherical constraint, E₀/2 < E (r) < E₀ (where E₀ indicates maximal field value and E (r) indicates amplitude of the theoretical electromagnetic field) and the E(r) emitted by the antenna of the right cellular telephone. Absolute = 40 clusters; 2000 voxels were activated within searching volume and grouped into clusters of 50 voxels each; normalized = 48 clusters; 2400 voxels were activated within searching volume and grouped into clusters of 50 voxels each. Range of variability (95% confidence interval [CI]): 9–21 µmol/100 g per minute (panel A) and 0.29–0.57 (panel B). C and D, Regression lines between cell phone–related increases in absolute and normalized glucose metabolism (both expressed as % change from the off condition) in brain regions within the spherical constraint, E₀/2 < E (r) < E₀, and the theoretical electric field, E (r), emitted by the antenna of the right cell phone. Increases significantly correlated with estimated electromagnetic field amplitudes (absolute: R = 0.95, P < .001; normalized: R = 0.89, P < .001). Data markers indicate mean metabolic measures; error bars, 95% CIs. Linear regression lines were fitted to the data using Interactive Data Language version 6.0.