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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Aug 18;1812(11):1359–1370. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.08.005

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Protective therapeutic approaches that decrease oxidative DNA damage in aging and AD. 1. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, 2. Overexpression of mitochondria-localized sirtuins 3-5, 3. Mitochondria DNA repair enzymes, 4. Increased levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 and 5. Overexpression of nuclear transcription factors.