Table 2.
Associations between physical activity levels across adulthood and grip strength at age 53 years (n=2360)
| Physical activity at age | n (%) | Difference in mean grip strength (kg; 95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||
| 36 years | ||||
| Inactive | 843 (35.7) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Moderately active | 606 (25.7) | 0.07 (−0.97, 1.12) | 0.02 (−1.03, 1.07) | −0.24 (−1.30, 0.82) |
| Most active | 911 (38.6) | 0.69 (−0.26, 1.63) | 0.64 (−0.31, 1.60) | 0.25 (−0.78, 1.27) |
| p-valuea | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.66 | |
| 43 years | ||||
| Inactive | 1210 (51.3) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Moderately active | 550 (23.3) | 0.55 (−0.46, 1.56) | 0.53 (−0.48, 1.55) | 0.10 (−0.95, 1.14) |
| Most active | 600 (25.4) | 0.47 (−0.52, 1.46) | 0.47 (−0.53, 1.48) | −0.27 (−1.36, 0.82) |
| p-valuea | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.81 | |
| 53 years | ||||
| Men (n=1155) | ||||
| Inactive | 536 (46.4) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Moderately active | 235 (20.4) | 3.30 (1.49, 5.11) | 3.35 (1.50, 5.20) | 3.44 (1.53, 5.34) |
| Most active | 384 (33.3) | 2.53 (0.98, 4.08) | 2.83 (1.24, 4.42) | 2.95 (1.26, 4.64) |
| p-valuea | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Women (n=1205) | ||||
| Inactive | 596 (49.5) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Moderately active | 199 (16.5) | −0.16 (−1.41, 1.09) | −0.30 (−1.58, 0.98) | −0.30 (−1.59, 0.99) |
| Most active | 410 (34.0) | 0.67 (−0.32, 1.67) | 0.59 (−0.44, 1.62) | 0.54 (−0.54, 1.62) |
| p-valuea | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.41 | |
Note: Model 1: adjusted for gender (if no evidence of gender interaction in unadjusted model), current height and weight; Model 2: Model 1 plus adult SEP (own occupation and education), smoking and health problems at age 53 years; Model 3: Model 2 plus physical activity levels at the other two ages (including gender × physical activity at age 53 years interaction). Inactive = no participation in relevant activities; moderately active = participated in relevant activities one to four times: in the previous month at age 36 years, per month at age 43 years, and in the previous 4 weeks at age 53 years; most active = participated in relevant activities five or more times: in the previous month at age 36 years, per month at age 43 years, and in the previous 4 weeks at age 53 years
p-value from likelihood ratio test comparing a model with physical activity at specified age included to a model with physical activity not included