Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants
| All Patients (N=605) | Brief Educational Intervention (N=302) | Teach to Goal (N=303) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Demographics
| ||||
| Site, N (%) | 1.00 | |||
| UNC | 216 (36) | 108 (36) | 108 (36) | |
| NU | 166 (27) | 83 (27) | 83 (27) | |
| UCSF | 148 (24) | 74 (25) | 74 (24) | |
| UCLA | 75 (12) | 37 (12) | 38 (13) | |
|
| ||||
| Age, mean ± SD | 60.7 ± 13.1 | 60.3 ± 12.3 | 61.1 ± 13.8 | 0.49 |
|
| ||||
| Race/Ethnicity, N (%) | 0.73 | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 233 (39) | 122 (40) | 111 (37) | |
| Hispanic | 97 (16) | 43 (14) | 54 (18) | |
| African American | 232 (38) | 114 (38) | 118 (39) | |
| Other/ Missing | 43 (7) | 23 (7) | 19 (6) | |
|
| ||||
| Male, N (%) | 314 (52) | 156 (52) | 158 (52) | 0.90 |
|
| ||||
| Language: English, N (%) | 522 (87) | 261 (88) | 261 (87) | 0.67 |
|
| ||||
| Low Literacy by TOFHLA, N (%) | 225 (37) | 112 (37) | 113 (37) | 0.96 |
|
| ||||
| Annual Income, $, N (%) | 0.91 | |||
| <$15,000 | 305 (52) | 153 (52) | 152 (52) | |
| $15,000-40,000 | 159 (27) | 78 (27) | 82 (28) | |
| >40,000 | 125 (21) | 63 (21) | 62 (21) | |
|
| ||||
| Education Level, N(%) | 0.22 | |||
| <12th grade | 160 (26) | 78 (26) | 82 (27) | |
| High School | 177 (29) | 86 (28) | 91 (30) | |
| Some college | 140 (23) | 64 (21) | 76 (25) | |
| College graduate or greater | 128 (21) | 74 (25) | 54 (18) | |
|
| ||||
| Insurance, N(%) | 0.76 | |||
| Medicare | 298 (49) | 148 (49) | 150 (49) | |
| Medicaid | 151 (25) | 77 (25) | 74 (24) | |
| Private | 77 (13) | 35 (12) | 42 (14) | |
| Uninsured | 79 (13) | 42 (14) | 37 (12) | |
|
| ||||
| Clinical Characteristics
| ||||
| NYHA Class, N (%) | 0.89 | |||
| I | 114 (19) | 60 (20) | 54 (18) | |
| II | 304 (50) | 152 (50) | 152 (50) | |
| III | 118 (20) | 56 (19) | 62 (20) | |
| IV | 69 (11) | 34 (11) | 35 (12) | |
|
| ||||
| Heart Failure Symptom Score, Mean (SD) | 60.8 ± 22.1 | 63.0 ± 22.2 | 58.6 ± 21.8 | 0.02 |
|
| ||||
| Systolic Dysfunction: | 0.16 | |||
| LVEF < 45, N (%) | 355 (60) | 186 (62) | 169 (57) | |
|
| ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg), mean (SD) | 124.8 ± 22.7 | 124.2 ± 21.7 | 125.3 ±23.7 | 0.58 |
|
| ||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg), mean (SD) | 71.3 ± 12.9 | 71.8 ± 13.5 | 70.8 ±12.3 | 0.34 |
|
| ||||
| Body Mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 33.1 ± 8.9 | 33.8 ± 9.0 | 32.5 ± 8.7 | 0.09 |
|
| ||||
| Creatinine level (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 1.3 ± .5 | 1.2 ± .5 | 1.3 ± .6 | 0.19 |
|
| ||||
| Diabetes, N (%) | 290 (48) | 140 (46) | 150 (50) | 0.44 |
|
| ||||
| Hypertension, N (%) | 513 (85) | 257 (85) | 256 (84) | 0.83 |
|
| ||||
| Previous MI or angina, N (%) | 230 (38) | 112 (37) | 118 (39) | 0.64 |
|
| ||||
| Current smoker, N (%) | 96 (16) | 50 (17) | 46 (15) | 0.64 |
|
| ||||
| Medication Hx | ||||
| ACE-I, N (%) | 391 (66) | 200 (67) | 191 (64) | 0.37 |
| ARB, N (%) | 120 (20) | 64 (21) | 56 (18) | 0.39 |
| ACE-I or ARB, N (%) | 497 (82) | 258 (85) | 239 (79) | 0.04 |
| Beta blocker, N (%) | 492 (82) | 251 (84) | 241 (80) | 0.16 |
| Spironolactone, N (%) | 166 (27) | 90 (30) | 76 (25) | 0.20 |
SD - Standard Deviation; UNC- University of North Carolina; NU – Northwestern University; UCSF – University of California San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital; University of California Los Angeles; TOFHLA - Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, short version; NYHA-New York Heart Association; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction; MI – myocardial infarction; ACE-I – angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB – angiotensin receptor blocker
*
Individuals with Medicare are included in this category regardless of whether they had supplemental or private insurance.