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. 2011 Aug 12;12(1):107. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-107

Table 4.

Effect size (withdrawn compared with active treatment) 95% confidence intervals and denominators for study outcomes

Outcome

Study Whether exacerbation or not during study period (odds ratio) Time to first exacerbation (mean (M) or median (m)) Frequency of exacerbation requiring course of steroids or antibiotics(rate ratio (rr) or hazard ratio (hr)) Lung function(mean difference in change from baseline) Total SGRQ score (mean difference in change from baseline) Walking distance in 6 minutes (mean difference in change from baseline) Borg exercise tolerance test (units)
COPE 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5)
(n = 242)a
34.6
(M)
(15.4 to 53.8)
(not clear)
1.5 (hr) (1.1 to 2.1)
(not clear)
-38 ml (-79.5 to 1.6) (n = 242) 2.5 (0.4 to 4.6)
(not clear)
9.4 m (-4.5 to 23.2)
(n = 172)
-0.3 (-0.7 to 0.3)
(n = 173)
COSMIC 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4)
(n = 373)b
Not measured 1.2
(rr)
(0.9 to 1.5)
(n = 373)
-4.1% (-6.6 to -1.6)
(not clear)
0.9 (-.1.3 to 3.1)
(not clear)
Not measured Not measured
WISP 1.0 (0.6 to 1.8)
(n = 260)b
19
(m)
Not givenc 1.3
(rr)
(1.0 to 1.6)
(n = 260)
-23 ml (-101.5 to 55.5)
(not clear)
-0.45 Unable to estimate Not measured Not measured
O'Brien Not measured Not measured Not measured -11.3% (-23.4 to 0.8) Not measured -32 ft (-771 to 707) Unable to estimated

a all of these exacerbations were moderate - in this trial investigators did not measure exacerbations not requiring treatment

b these exacerbations were mild, moderate or severe

c median = 44 days in withdrawn group (CI 29-59) v. 63 (CI 53-74) days in steroid group, P = 0.05

d incorrect confidence interval given in publication.