Table 2.
Overview of currently used hybrid vector systems. The first column indicates the viral hybrid vector system for stable integration into the host genome. For each system the integration system and the integration pattern (random versus site-specific) are mentioned and the respective references are summarized. HDAdV: helper-dependent adenovirus, HSV-1: herpes simplex virus type 1, RV: retrovirus, IDLV: integrase defective lentivirus, SB: Sleeping Beauty transposase, PhiC31: bacteriophage-derived integrase PhiC31, AAV: adeno-associated virus, AAV-Rep: AAV-derived Rep coding sequence responsible for site-specific integration into AAVS1, ZFN: zinc-finger nuclease, DBD-IN fusion proteins: DNA-binding domain-retroviral integrase-fusion proteins.
| Hybrid vector | Integrating system | Integration pattern | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| HDAdV/AAV | AAV-ITR | random | [38, 40–42] |
| HDAdV/AAVRep | AAV-Rep | site-specific | [30, 31, 43, 133] |
| HDAdV/SB | Sleeping Beauty transposase | random | [47] |
| HDAdV/PhiC31 | PhiC31 integrase | randomly into pseudo attP-sites | [51] |
| HDAdV/retrotransposon | Retrotransposon | consensus genomic target DNA | [54, 55] |
| HDAdV/RV | Integrase | randomly into active genes | [27, 28] |
| HDAdV/FV | Integrase | random | [59] |
| HSV-1/SB | Sleeping Beauty transposase | random | [71] |
| HSV-1/AAVRep | AAV-Rep | site-specific | [65–70] |
| HSV-1/RV | Integrase | randomly into active genes | [74] |
| RV/IN | DBD-IN-fusion protein | site-specific | [9–97] |
| IDLV/ZFN | ZFN | site-specific | [101, 103] |
| IDLV/SB | Sleeping Beauty transposase | random | [105, 106] |