Table 1.

Estimated error rates of retroviral RTs, as determined by using forward mutation assays.

Enzyme	Vector and reporter gene	Template	Error rate	References
HIV-1 RT (group M subtype B)	M13mp2, lacZα	DNA	0.6 – 6.7 × 10−4	[69–79]
	pBluescript, lacZ	DNA	1.7 × 10−4	[67]
	pBluescript, lacZ	RNA	1.4 × 10−4	[67]
	M13, env V1	DNA	1.9 × 10−4	[66]
	M13, env V1	RNA	2.0 × 10−4	[66]
	Litmus 29 (uracil-containing DNA), lacZ	DNA	0.75 – 1.6 × 10−4	[68,80]
HIV-1 RT (group O)	M13mp2, lacZα	DNA	5.5 × 10−5	[79]
SIVagm RT	M13mp2, lacZα	DNA	2.9 × 10−5	[81]
SIVmne RT	M13mp2, lacZα	DNA	1.2 × 10−4 (CL8) a 1.6 × 10−5 (170)	[82]
PFV RT	Litmus 29, lacZ	DNA	1.7 × 10−4	[80]
FIV RT	M13mp2, lacZα	DNA	6.2 × 10−5	[83]
AMV RT	M13mp2, lacZα	DNA	5.9 × 10−5	[69,84]
Mo-MLV RT	M13mp2, lacZα	DNA	3.3 × 10−5	[69,84]
	pBluescript, lacZ	DNA	3.4 × 10−5	[67]
	pBluescript, lacZ	RNA	2.7 × 10−5	[67]
FeLV RT	M13mp2, lacZα	DNA	5.8 × 10−6	[83]

^aCL8 and 170 are strains of SIV_mne that infected the same pig-tailed macaque. The 170 strain is a representative clone of the late symptomatic phase of the infection.