Table 3. Rate ratios for incidence of total prostate cancer and its subtypes by levels of BMI at age 30 years in the cohort of 36 959 Swedish men aged 45–79 years.

	BMI at age 30 years (reference point), kg m–2
	<21 (18)	21–22.9 (22)	23–24.9 (24)	25–27.4 (26.25)	27.5–29.9 (28.75)	⩾30 (35)	For every 5 kg m–2 BMI increase
Localised prostate cancer
Age-adjusted model
No. of cases/person-years	290/67 977	550/120 481	472/116 166	161/49 565	42/11 629	15/5975
RR (95% CI)a	1.01 (0.92–1.12)	1	0.99 (0.94–1.04)	0.99 (0.89–1.10)	0.98 (0.83–1.16)	0.96 (0.69–1.32)	0.98 (0.87–1.11)
Multivariable modelb
No. of cases/person-years	287/66 730	539/117 845	467/113 617	154/48 573	41/11 308	15/5800
RR (95% CI)a	1.01 (0.91–1.12)	1	0.99 (0.94–1.05)	0.99 (0.89–1.10)	0.98 (0.82–1.16)	0.96 (0.69–1.34)	0.98 (0.87–1.12)
RR (95% CI)a,c	1.03 (0.93–1.14)	1	0.99 (0.94–1.04)	0.97 (0.87–1.08)	0.96 (0.81–1.14)	0.92 (0.66–1.28)	0.97 (0.85–1.10)
Advanced prostate cancer
Age-adjusted model
No. of cases/person-years	112/67 977	192/120 481	166/116 166	70/49 565	9/11 629	5/5975
RR (95% CI)a	1.09 (0.93–1.28)	1	0.96 (0.88–1.04)	0.91 (0.77–1.08)	0.87 (0.66–1.14)	0.76 (0.45–1.28)	0.90 (0.73–1.10)
Multivariable modelb
No. of cases/person-years	108/66 730	185/117 845	164/113 617	69/48 573	8/11 308	4/5800
RR (95% CI)a	1.09 (0.92–1.29)	1	0.96 (0.88–1.04)	0.91 (0.77–1.09)	0.87 (0.65–1.15)	0.76 (0.44–1.30)	0.90 (0.73–1.11)
RR (95% CI)a,c	1.11 (0.94–1.31)	1	0.95 (0.87–1.03)	0.90 (0.75–1.07)	0.84 (0.63–1.11)	0.71 (0.41–1.23)	0.88 (0.71–1.08)
Fatal prostate cancer
Age-adjusted model
No. of cases/person-years	50/64 052	78/113 654	69/109 099	22/46 355	4/10 879	2/5553
RR (95% CI)a	1.31 (1.02–1.701)	1	0.87 (0.77–0.99)	0.75 (0.57–0.98)	0.63 (0.41–0.97)	0.41 (0.18–0.94)	0.71 (0.52–0.98)
Multivariable modelb
No. of cases/person-years	49/62 868	75/111 148	68/106 729	22/45 419	3/10 579	2/5384
RR (95% CI)a	1.28 (0.99–1.67)	1	0.88 (0.77–1.01)	0.77 (0.58–1.02)	0.66 (0.42–1.03)	0.45 (0.19–1.05)	0.73 (0.53–1.02)
RR (95% CI)a,c	1.30 (1.00–1.71)	1	0.88 (0.77–1.00)	0.75 (0.57–1.01)	0.64 (0.41–1.01)	0.42 (0.18–1.02)	0.72 (0.51–1.01)

Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; RR=rate ratio; BMI=body mass index.

^aThe RRs and 95% CIs were calculated in correspondence with the reference points.

^bMultivariable RRs were adjusted for BMI at age 30 years (kg m^–2), age at baseline (years), total energy intake (kcal), total physical activity (<37.9, 38–40.9, 41–44.9, ⩾45MET-h per day or missing), years of education (1–9, 9–12 or >12 years), smoking status (current, former or never smoker), family history of prostate cancer (yes, no or don’t know) and personal history of diabetes (yes or no).

^cRRs and 95% CIs calculated using competing-risks analysis. All the deaths from other causes than PCa were considered as competing events.