Table 5. ORs and 95% CIs for renal cell carcinoma and BaP intake, stratified by smoking statusa, The Kidney Cancer Study (United States), 2003–2007.
|
Never smokers
|
Current-regular smokers
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P trend | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P trend | |
| ORb | 1.00 | 1.24 | 1.01 | 1.47 | 0.12 | 1.00 | 1.28 | 1.95 | 2.63 | 0.006 |
| 95% CI | – | (0.77, 1.98) | (0.63, 1.72) | (0.93, 2.31) | – | (0.68, 2.42) | (1.00, 3.87) | (1.36, 5.10) | ||
| Cases/controls | 93/116 | 95/96 | 102/125 | 127/121 | 46/55 | 62/71 | 85/64 | 114/60 | ||
| Medianc (ng per day) | 1.5 | 4.2 | 11.1 | 58.4 | 1.3 | 4.1 | 12.2 | 52.8 | ||
Abbreviations: BaP=benzo(a)pyrene; CI=confidence interval; OR=odds ratio; Q=quartile.
a
Significant interaction PBaPxsmoke=0.02; no association in former/occasional smokers (Ptrend=0.10).
b
Models adjusted for age, race, sex, education, BMI, history of hypertension, family history of cancer, intake of alcohol, intake of fruit and vegetables, and total non-alcohol energy intake.
c
Median intake value for each Q based on distribution among all study controls.