Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of cases and controls by analysis
| Cataract
|
Glaucoma
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (N = 2404) | Controls (N = 5621) | Cases (N = 273) | Controls (N = 703) | |||||
| N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | |
| Age at indexa | ||||||||
| 45–49 | 0 | 0 | 2 | (0.04) | – | – | – | – |
| 50–54 | 8 | (0.3) | 22 | (0.4) | 3 | (1.1) | 8 | (1.1) |
| 55–59 | 54 | (2.3) | 129 | (2.3) | 9 | (3.3) | 20 | (2.8) |
| 60–64 | 122 | (5.1) | 329 | (5.9) | 24 | (8.8) | 54 | (7.7) |
| 65–69 | 284 | (11.8) | 781 | (13.9) | 44 | (16.1) | 126 | (17.9) |
| 70–74 | 472 | (19.6) | 1220 | (21.7) | 61 | (22.3) | 159 | (22.6) |
| 75–79 | 697 | (29) | 1674 | (29.8) | 66 | (24.2) | 179 | (25.5) |
| 80–85 | 653 | (27.2) | 1274 | (22.7) | 54 | (19.8) | 138 | (19.6) |
| ≥86 | 114 | (4.7) | 190 | (3.4) | 12 | (4.4) | 19 | (2.7) |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 1235 | (51.4) | 2793 | (49.7) | 143 | (52.4) | 357 | (50.8) |
| Male | 1169 | (48.6) | 2828 | (50.3) | 130 | (47.6) | 346 | (49.2) |
| BMI | ||||||||
| Missing | 1203 | (50.0) | 2958 | (52.6) | 138 | (50.6) | 366 | (52.1) |
| 10–18.49 | 82 | (3.4) | 185 | (3.3) | 4 | (1.5) | 23 | (3.3) |
| 18.50–24.99 | 435 | (18.1) | 963 | (17.1) | 56 | (20.5) | 111 | (15.7) |
| 25–29.99 | 382 | (15.9) | 881 | (15.7) | 39 | (14.3) | 109 | (15.5) |
| 30–70 | 302 | (12.6) | 634 | (11.3) | 36 | (13.2) | 94 | (13.4) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Nonsmoker | 348 | (14.5) | 743 | (13.2) | 31 | (11.4) | 91 | (12.9) |
| Ex-smoker | 1112 | (46.3) | 2437 | (43.4) | 120 | (44) | 292 | (41.5) |
| Smoker | 493 | (20.5) | 1324 | (23.6) | 69 | (25.3) | 186 | (26.5) |
| Unknown | 451 | (18.8) | 1117 | (19.9) | 53 | (19.4) | 134 | (19.1) |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||||||
| Vertebral fracture | 11 | (0.5) | 24 | (0.4) | 2 | (0.7) | 3 | (0.4) |
| Depression | 120 | (5) | 228 | (4.1) | 12 | (4.4) | 38 | (5.4) |
| Diabetes | 350 | (14.6) | 538 | (9.6) | 23 | (8.4) | 76 | (10.8) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 11 | (0.5) | 40 | (0.7) | 0 | 0 | 5 | (0.7) |
| Asthma | 276 | (11.5) | 625 | (11.1) | 35 | (12.8) | 75 | (10.7) |
| Osteoporosis | 53 | (2.2) | 112 | (1.2) | 7 | (2.6) | 11 | (1.6) |
| Stroke | 38 | (1.6) | 74 | (1.3) | 4 | (1.5) | 10 | (1.4) |
| Anemia | 90 | (3.7) | 184 | (3.3) | 5 | (1.8) | 20 | (2.8) |
| Osteopenia | 13 | (0.5) | 26 | (0.5) | 1 | (0.4) | 5 | (0.7) |
| Back pain | 307 | (12.8) | 627 | (11.2) | 40 | (14.7) | 86 | (12.2) |
| Falls | 137 | (5.7) | 247 | (4.4) | 14 | (5.1) | 31 | (4.4) |
| Hyperparathyroid | 4 | (0.2) | 4 | (0.1) | 0 | 0 | 1 | (0.14) |
| Dementia | 9 | (0.4) | 28 | (0.5) | 2 | (0.7) | 7 | (1.0) |
| Hypertension | 364 | (15.1) | 946 | (16.8) | 47 | (17.2) | 115 | (16.4) |
| Dyslipidemia | 114 | (4.7) | 243 | (4.3) | 15 | (5.5) | 20 | (2.84) |
| Obesity | 306 | (12.7) | 639 | (11.4) | 36 | (13.2) | 95 | (13.5) |
| Antibiotic: number of scripts in the previous year | ||||||||
| None | 723 | (30.1) | 1907 | (34) | 83 | (30.4) | 245 | (34.9) |
| 1 | 440 | (18.3) | 1257 | (22.4) | 63 | (23.1) | 154 | (21.9) |
| 2 | 344 | (114.3) | 832 | (14.8) | 37 | (13.6) | 100 | (14.2) |
| 3–4 | 434 | (18.1) | 876 | (15.6) | 41 | (15.0) | 125 | (17.8) |
| ≥5 | 463 | (19.3) | 749 | (13.3) | 49 | (18) | 79 | (11.2) |
| Number of COPD visits | ||||||||
| None | 549 | (22.9) | 1366 | (24.3) | 75 | (27.5) | 185 | (26.3) |
| 1 | 990 | (41.2) | 2385 | (42.4) | 104 | (38.1) | 277 | (39.4) |
| 2 | 386 | (16.1) | 968 | (17.2) | 47 | (17.2) | 113 | (16.1) |
| 3+ | 479 | (19.9) | 902 | (16.1) | 47 | (17.2) | 128 | (18.2) |
| Number of COPD hospitalizations | ||||||||
| None | 2189 | (91.1) | 5306 | (94.4) | 254 | (93.0) | 662 | (94.2) |
| 1 | 167 | (7) | 252 | (4.5) | 15 | (5.5) | 33 | (4.7) |
| 2+ | 48 | (2.0) | 63 | (1.1) | 4 | (1.5) | 8 | (1.1) |
| Comedications | ||||||||
| FSC | 799 | (33.2) | 1655 | (29.4) | 78 | (28.6) | 226 | (32.2) |
| ICS-containing product | 1823 | (75.8) | 3961 | (70.5) | 197 | (72.2) | 510 | (72.6) |
| BDP-containing product | 847 | (35.2) | 1990 | (35.4) | 90 | (33) | 223 | (31.7) |
| BUD-containing product | 350 | (14.6) | 663 | (11.8) | 43 | (15.8) | 95 | (13.5) |
| FP-containing product | 898 | (37.4) | 1864 | (33.2) | 88 | (32.2) | 253 | (36) |
| Oral corticosteroids | 1098 | (45.7) | 2128 | (37.9) | 119 | (43.6) | 264 | (37.6) |
| Antibiotic | 1681 | (69.9) | 3714 | (66.1) | 190 | (69.6) | 458 | (65.2) |
| Statin | 850 | (35.4) | 1763 | (31.4) | 76 | (27.8) | 210 | (29.9) |
| Nebulizer | 476 | (19.8) | 761 | (13.5) | 51 | (18.7) | 92 | (13.1) |
| Other respiratory product | 1369 | (56.9) | 2827 | (50.3) | 146 | (53.5) | 359 | (51.1) |
| Oxygen | 160 | (6.7) | 268 | (4.8) | 15 | (5.5) | 45 | (6.4) |
| Tiotropium-only product | 616 | (25.6) | 1224 | (21.8) | 57 | (20.9) | 164 | (23.3) |
| SABD-containing product | 2156 | (89.7) | 4898 | (87.1) | 229 | (83.9) | 603 | (85.8) |
| SABD with ICS product | 0 | 0 | 3 | (0.1) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| ICS-containing product excluding FSC | 1260 | (52.4) | 2799 | (49.8) | 136 | (49.8) | 338 | (48.1) |
Notes: Population includes patients with COPD in the GPRD between 2003 and 2006. Controls matched to cases on gender, age within 2 years, general practice, and number of years in the cohort prior to the event of interest.
a
Index date is the date of the incident case of cataract or glaucoma and matched control.
Abbreviations: BDP, beclomethasone dipropionate; BMI, body mass index; BUD, budesonide; FSC, fluticasone propionate/salmeterol fixed-close combination; FP, fluticasone propionate; GPRD, General Practice Research Data base; SABD, short-acting bronchodilator; NA, not applicable.