IFN-β neutralization leads to earlier clearance of C. muridarum. C57BL/6 mice (10 mice per group) were depleted of IFN-β by injection of IFN-β polyclonal antiserum (Fitzgerald) or preimmune serum before infection or on day 4 postinfection (p.i.), respectively. Infection courses were monitored by IFU quantitation (A). Data represent the mean log10 number of IFU/ml ± the standard error of the mean. Significance was determined by two-way ANOVA (P = 0.03). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01, by one-way ANOVA. (B) Mice were sacrificed at day 45 postinfection, and the incidence of hydrosalpinx development was recorded. An asterisk represents a statistical difference as measured by the Fisher exact test (P = 0.023). Ab, antibody.