(A, B) mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory genes (A) and the number of gastric Foxp3+ cells (B). (A) For both 6 and 11 MPI, gastric Foxp3, Il-10, and Il-13 mRNA levels in the stomachs of mice (n = 13 to 15 per group) infected with H. pylori, H. muridarum, or H. hepaticus or of HmHp or HhHp mice were evaluated by Q-PCR and normalized to mRNA levels of the housekeeping gene Gapdh. The y axes represent the mean fold changes (± standard deviations) of the mRNA levels in reference to uninfected controls. (B) Gastric Foxp3+ cells are presented as the total number of Foxp3+ cells per 10 fields (200×) per stomach (n = 3 for each group at 11 MPI). P values compared to those of the sham controls: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.