Fig. 5.

(A) Adherence by mono- and cocultures of Filifactor alocis strains and P. gingivalis W83 in epithelial cells. HeLa cells were grown and maintained at 37°C under 5% CO₂ in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum with antibiotics. Confluent stock cultures were trypsinized, adjusted to approximately 5 × 10³ cells/ml, seeded (1 ml per well) into 12-well plates, and further incubated for 48 h to reach semiconfluence. Epithelial cells (10⁵ cells) were infected with 10⁷ bacteria (MOI = 100). Error bars represent mean ± SD of four independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni posttest. FA-ATCC, F. alocis ATCC 35896; PG, P. gingivalis; FAC, F. alocis clinical strain D-62D. (B) Invasion by mono- and cocultures of Filifactor alocis strains and P. gingivalis W83 into epithelial cells. Bacteria were grown to exponential phase in BHI broth, washed three times in PBS, and adjusted to 10⁷ CFU/ml in DMEM. The epithelial cell monolayer was washed and infected with bacteria at an MOI of 1:100 (10⁵ epithelial cells) and then incubated at 37°C for 45 min under 5% CO₂. Error bars represent mean ± SD of four independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA with the Bonferroni posttest.