Figure 1.

Scheme for triacylglycerol (a) and cholesterol ester synthesis (b). For the synthesis of triacylglycerols, note that there is an alternative monoacylglycerol pathway for TAG synthesis in addition to the glycerol phosphate pathway shown in a [33]. In addition, fatty acids from diet are utilized for production of fatty acyl-CoAs as well as endogenously synthesized fatty acids. Abbreviations are as follows: ACAT, acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol transferase; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ACS, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase; DGAT, diacylglycerol acyltransferase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; GPP, geranyl pyrophosphate; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate; LPAAT, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase; PPH-1, phosphatidate phosphohydrolase-1.