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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 5.
Published in final edited form as: J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2010 Sep 18;197(1):45–59. doi: 10.1007/s00359-010-0585-6

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Four syllables, separated by minibreaths, illustrating sequential switching of phonation between the left and right sides of the syrinx. Left side of syrinx is closed during Wrst half of syllable 1 and even when this side is open during the latter part of the syllable there is no detectable sound from the left side of the syrinx. Despite the presence of bilateral airflow during syllables 2-4 analysis of the bronchial sound indicates that syllable 2 is generated on the right side and periodic sound in syllable 3 is generated on the left side while the right side produces wide band noise. Syllable 4 contains two sinusoidal frequency sweeps preceded and followed by a relatively CF (constant frequency) component. Bronchial sound indicates that the two `CF' elements and the low-frequency trough at the end of each sinusoidal peak contain contributions from both sides of the syrinx, but the sounds generated on the two sides of the syrinx are not identical. The two sinusoidal peaks of syllable 4 are produced only on the right side of the syrinx, despite bilateral airflow. (Magpie 1, 01-922). R, L, B on spectrogram indicate vocalization originates on right, left or both sides of syrinx, respectively. V time waveform of vocalization with syllables numbered; FLB and FRB rate of airflow through left and right sides of syrinx. Horizontal line zero airflow. Both inspiratory and expiratory flow cool heated thermistor and cause an upward deflection of trace. Inspiratory flow is accompanied by negative air sac pressure and is indicated with grey shading. PAS subsyringeal pressure in thoracic air sac. Horizontal line indicates external ambient pressure. SLB and SRB, spectrogram of signal from thermistor in the left or right bronchus, respectively. Frequency range is limited by response time of the thermistor. SAS spectrogram of sound in thoracic air sac recorded by piezoresistive pressure transducer. Low-frequency fluctuations in bronchial airflow and air sac pressure associated with the respiratory cycle have been attenuated by a 100 Hz high-pass digital Wlter. Time bar applies to entire figure