TaqMan assays comparing samples from the auditory lobule of adult male zebra finches in silence (open bars) or 30 min after onset of new song playback (filled bars). a, Comparison of two sample pools, each containing auditory forebrains of 20 birds. b, Comparisons of paired individual subjects, n = 6 pairs (P = 0.03, Wilcoxon paired test). Error bars denote s.e.m. of triplicate TaqMan assays. Parallel TaqMan analyses of the small RNA RNU6B were performed with all samples and showed no significant effect of treatment for this control RNA.