Table 1.
PANSS items selected to test Liddle’s three-syndrome model
| Liddle (1987a) syndromes | Selected PANSS itemsa |
|---|---|
| Reality distortion | |
| Delusions of persecution | Suspiciousness |
| Delusions of reference | Delusions |
| Voices speak to patient | Hallucinatory behavior |
| Psychomotor poverty | |
| Unchanging facial expression | Blunted affect |
| Paucity of expressive gesture | |
| Affective non-responsivity | |
| Lack of vocal inflection | |
| Poverty of speech | Lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation |
| Decreased spontaneous movement | Motor retardation |
| Disorganization | |
| Tangentiality | Conceptual disorganization |
| Derailment | |
| Pressure of speech | |
| Distractibility | |
| Poverty of content of speech | Stereotyped thinking |
| Inappropriate affect | Inappropriate affecta |
a
Item created parallel to PANSS items (see text).