Table 6.
Association of meat and mutagen intake with adenoma risk by stage and multiplicity, the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study (TCPS), 2003–2010.
| Intake amounts | Controls (N=3,764) |
Stage of adenomas |
Multiplicity of adenomas |
Morphology of adenomas |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-advanced (N= 1,406) |
Advanced (N=458) |
Single (N= 1,070) |
Multiple (N=458) |
Non-serrated (N= 1,7166) |
Serrated (N= 166) |
||||||||
| (n) | n1 | OR (95% CI)2 | n1 | OR (95% CI)2 | n1 | OR (95% CI)2 | n1 | OR (95% CI)2 | n1 | OR (95% CI)2 | n1 | OR (95% CI)2 | |
| All meat (g/day) | |||||||||||||
| ≤59.0 | 977 | 321 | 1.0 (reference) | 101 | 1.0 (reference) | 267 | 1.0 (reference) | 112 | 1.0 (reference) | 400 | 1.0 (reference) | 27 | 1.0 (reference) |
| 59.1–90.9 | 929 | 264 | 0.9(0.7–1.1) | 87 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 211 | 0.9(0.7–1.1) | 96 | 1.0(0.7–1.3) | 323 | 0.9(0.8–1.1) | 29 | 1.3(0.7–2.2) |
| 91.0–138.6 | 929 | 371 | 1.1(0.9–1.3) | 112 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 279 | 1.0(0.8–1.3) | 152 | 1.2(0.9–1.7) | 433 | 1.0(0.9–1.2) | 51 | 1.8(1.1–3.1) |
| ≥138.7 | 929 | 450 | 1.2(1.0–1.4) | 158 | 1.4(1.1–1.9) | 313 | 1.0(0.8–1.3) | 208 | 1.5(1.2–2.0) | 559 | 1.2(1.0–1.4) | 59 | 2.0(1.2–3.4) |
| Trend test | P = 0.035 | P = 0.027 | P = 0.473 | P< 0.001 | P = 0.049 | P = 0.003 | |||||||
| Heterogeneity test2,4 | P = 0.544 | P = 0.024 | P = 0.018 | ||||||||||
| Red meat (g/day)3 | |||||||||||||
| ≤9.5 | 1118 | 307 | 1.0 (reference) | 88 | 1.0 (reference) | 264 | 1.0 (reference) | 94 | 1.0 (reference) | 365 | 1.0 (reference) | 33 | 1.0 (reference) |
| 9.6–28.4 | 932 | 316 | 1.2(1.0–1.4) | 116 | 1.5(1.1–2.1) | 261 | 1.2(0.9–1.4) | 125 | 1.5(1.1–2.0) | 399 | 1.2(1.0–1.5) | 36 | 1.2(0.7–1.9) |
| 28.5–51.3 | 792 | 328 | 1.2(1.0–1.5) | 98 | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 232 | 1.1(0.9–1.3) | 132 | 1.6(1.2–2.1) | 388 | 1.2(1.0–1.5) | 40 | 1.5(0.9–2.4) |
| ≥51.4 | 922 | 455 | 1.3(1.1–1.6) | 156 | 1.5(1.1–2.1) | 313 | 1.1(0.9–1.4) | 217 | 1.9(1.4–2.5) | 563 | 1.4(1.1–1.6) | 57 | 1.6(1.0–2.6) |
| Trend test | P = 0.003 | P = 0.027 | P = 0.342 | P<0.001 | P = 0.002 | P = 0.039 | |||||||
| Heterogeneity test2,4 | P = 0.651 | P<0.001 | P = 0.317 | ||||||||||
| Mutageneity index | |||||||||||||
| ≤2,556 | 1038 | 285 | 1.0 (reference) | 95 | 1.0 (reference) | 241 | 1.0 (reference) | 99 | 1.0 (reference) | 351 | 1.0 (reference) | 32 | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2,557–5,851 | 908 | 293 | 1.1(0.9–1.3) | 91 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 237 | 1.1(0.9–1.3) | 107 | 1.1(0.8–1.5) | 362 | 1.1(0.9–1.3) | 26 | 0.9(0.5–1.5) |
| 5,852–11,020 | 909 | 371 | 1.4(1.2–1.7) | 109 | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 268 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 150 | 1.6(1.2–2.1) | 443 | 1.4(1.1–1.7) | 43 | 1.4(0.9–2.4) |
| ≥111,021 | 909 | 457 | 1.4(1.1–1.6) | 163 | 1.5(1.1–2.0) | 324 | 1.3(1.0–1.5) | 212 | 1.7(1.2–2.2) | 559 | 1.3(1.1–1.6) | 65 | 1.9(1.2–3.0) |
| Trend test | P<0.001 | P = 0.004 | P = 0.018 | P<0.001 | P< 0.001 | P = 0.001 | |||||||
| Heterogeneity test2,4 | P = 0.578 | P = 0.036 | P = 0.077 | ||||||||||
1
Counts may not sum to the total because of missing data.
2
Adjusted for age, sex, race, study sites, educational attainment, indications for colonoscopy, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, regular NSAIDs use, total energy intake, and recruitment before or after colonoscopy.
3
Includes hamburgers, cheeseburgers, beef patties/beef steaks/pork chops or ham steaks/short ribs or spareribs.
4
Tests for heterogeneity are case-only comparisons.