. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 6.

Published in final edited form as: Crit Care Med. 2010 Feb;38(2):562–571. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181cb10b3

Table 1.

Comparison of arterial blood gas parameters, electrolytes and lactate levels.

	Sham (n = 10)	Control (n≥9)	Glucosamine (n≥10)	PUGNAc (n≥11)
Partial oxygen pressure, Po₂ (torr, [kPa])
Before hemorrhage	452 ± 21 [60.3 ± 2.8]	412 ± 19 [54.9 ± 2.6]	433 ± 22 [57.7 ± 2.9]	454 ± 26 [60.6 ± 3.4]
After hemorrhage		407 ± 14 [54.2 ± 1.8]	418 ± 16 [55.7 ± 2.1]	413 ± 26 [55.1 ± 3.3]
Before resuscitation		396 ± 13 [52.8 ± 1.8]	388 ± 26 [51.8 ± 3.5]	391 ± 41 [52.1 ± 5.5]
After resuscitation		443 ± 14 [59.0 ± 1.9]	439 ± 27 [58.6 ± 3.6]	476 ± 20 [63.4 ± 2.7]
24 hrs after resuscitation	483 ± 21 [64.3 ± 2.9]	464 ± 21 [61.8 ± 2.8]	410 ± 40 [54.6 ± 5.3]	473 ± 16 [63.1 ± 2.1]
Partial carbon dioxide pressure, Pco₂ (torr, [kPa])
Before hemorrhage	42 ± 3 [5.6 ± 0.4]	38 ± 2 [5.1 ± 0.3]	40 ± 3 [5.3 ± 0.3]	42 ± 2 [5.6 ± 0.3]
After hemorrhage		25 ± 1^† [3.4 ± 0.2]	24 ± 1^† [3.2 ± 0.1]	26 ± 2^† [3.5 ± 0.2]
Before resuscitation		24 ± 2^† [3.3 ± 0.3]	23 ± 2^† [3.0 ± 0.3]	24 ± 3^† [3.2 ± 0.4]
After resuscitation		36 ± 2 [4.7 ± 0.2]	37 ± 2 [5.0 ± 0.3]	37 ± 3 [5.0 ± 0.3]
24 hrs after resuscitation	47 ± 2 [6.3 ± 0.3]	49 ± 4^† [6.5 ± 0.5]	45 ± 3 [6.0 ± 0.4]	52 ± 3^† [6.9 ± 0.4]
pH
Before hemorrhage	7.35 ± 0.01	7.39 ± 0.01	7.37 ± 0.01	7.36 ± 0.02
After hemorrhage		7.36 ± 0.01	7.38 ± 0.02	7.38 ± 0.02
Before resuscitation		7.24 ± 0.04^†	7.31 ± 0.02	7.31 ± 0.02
After resuscitation		7.19 ± 0.03^†	7.26 ± 0.02^†	7.26 ± 0.02^†
24 hrs after resuscitation	7.36 ± 0.02	7.31 ± 0.05	7.40 ± 0.01	7.34 ± 0.02
Base Excess, BE (mmol/L)
Before hemorrhage	−1.2 ± 1.8	−2.5 ± 0.9	−2.0 ± 1.5	−2.2 ± 1.1
After hemorrhage	-	−11.3 ± 0.6^†	−10.8 ± 0.7^†	−9.6 ± 1.0^†
Before resuscitation		−16.8 ± 1.3^†	−14.8 ± 1.3^†	−14.3 ± 1.7^†
After resuscitation		−14.4 ± 1.2^†	−10.5 ± 1.1^{†, #}	−10.3 ± 1.1^{†, #}
24 hrs after resuscitation	4.2 ± 0.9^†	−1.3 ± 3.1	2.1 ± 1.5	3.7 ± 1.5^†
Bicarbonate, HCO₃⁻ (mmol/L)
Before hemorrhage	24.5 ± 0.8	22.5 ± 0.9	23.2 ± 1.4	23.3 ± 1.0
After hemorrhage		14.1 ± 0.6^†	14.3 ± 0.5^†	15.4 ± 0.9
Before resuscitation		10.5 ± 0.8^†	11.4 ± 1.2^†	12.0 ± 1.6
After resuscitation		13.8 ± 0.8^†	16.6 ± 0.8^{†, #}	16.7 ± 1.0^{†, #}
24 hrs after resuscitation	29.6 ± 1.1^†	25.0 ± 1.9	26.6 ± 1.5	29.4 ± 1.4^†
Total carbon-dioxide, TCO₂ (mmol/L)
Before hemorrhage	25.9 ± 0.9	23.7 ± 0.9	24.4 ± 1.5	24.6 ± 1.1
After hemorrhage		14.9 ± 0.6^†	15.1 ± 0.5^†	16.3 ± 0.9^†
Before resuscitation		11.2 ± 0.8^†	12.1 ± 1.2^†	12.7 ± 1.7^†
After resuscitation		14.9 ± 0.8^†	17.8 ± 0.9^{†, #}	17.9 ± 1.0^{†, #}
24 hrs after resuscitation	31.2 ± 1.2^†	26.5 ± 1.9	27.9 ± 1.6	31.1 ± 1.5^†
Lactate (mmol/L)
Before hemorrhage	0.6 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1	0.7	0.8 ± 0.2
After hemorrhage	-	5.1 ± 0.3^†	4.4 ± 0.3^†	4.1 ± 0.5^†
Before resuscitation	-	6.6 ± 0.5^†	5 ± 0.6^†	4.8 ± 0.6^†
After resuscitation	-	3 ± 0.7^†	1.1 ± 0.2^#	1.1 ± 0.4^#
24 hrs after resuscitation	1 ± 0.1^†	1.1 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	1 ± 0.1
Glucose (mmol/L)
Before hemorrhage	5.6 ± 0.5	5.1 ± 1.1	5.6 ± 0.6	6.0 ± 0.6
After hemorrhage	-	4.9 ± 1.4	5.2 ± 0.9	5.0 ± 0.5
Before resuscitation	-	2.6 ± 1.5^†	5.8 ± 1.2^#	3.5 ± 0.7^†
After resuscitation	-	4.4 ± 2.2	8.0 ± 0.8^#	5.9 ± 0.6
24 hrs after resuscitation	10.4 ± 0.2^†	8.0 ± 2.5^†, ^*	6.9 ± 0.7^*	8.9 ± 0.6^†
Sodium, Na⁺ (mmol/L)
Before hemorrhage	141 ± 1	142 ± 1	143 ± 1	141 ± 1
After hemorrhage		138 ± 1	141 ± 1	139 ± 1
Before resuscitation		138 ± 1^†	141 ± 2	142 ± 2
After resuscitation		140 ± 1	140 ± 1	140 ± 1
24 hrs after resuscitation	139 ± 1	145 ± 1^*	144 ± 1^*	143 ± 1^*
Potassium, K⁺ (mmol/L)
Before hemorrhage	3.8 ± 0.2	3.7 ± 0.2	4.1 ± 0.1	4.2 ± 0.3
After hemorrhage		5.9 ± 0.2^†	5.5 ± 0.3^†	6.0 ± 0.3^†
Before resuscitation		5.2 ± 0.3^†	4.7 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.3
After resuscitation		4.5 ± 0.4	4.6 ± 0.2	4.2 ± 0.2
24 hrs after resuscitation	3.9 ± 0.1	3.9 ± 0.4	3.6 ± 0.3	4.0 ± 0.1
Calcium, Ca²⁺ (mmol/L)
Before hemorrhage	1.02 ± 0.04	1.00 ± 0.05	1.06 ± 0.08	1.06 ± 0.06
After hemorrhage		1.08 ± 0.04	1.00 ± 0.07	1.08 ± 0.07
Before resuscitation		0.81 ± 0.04^†	0.88 ± 0.07	0.81 ± 0.07^†
After resuscitation		0.72 ± 0.05^†	0.88 ± 0.07	0.80 ± 0.07^†
24 hrs after resuscitation	1.08 ± 0.05	0.97 ± 0.08	1.02 ± 0.06	1.13 ± 0.04
Hematocrit, Htc
Before hemorrhage	39 ± 1	38 ± 1	38 ± 1	40 ± 1
After hemorrhage		31 ± 1^†	31 ± 1^†	31 ± 1^†
Before resuscitation		27 ± 1^†	27 ± 2^†	28 ± 1^†
After resuscitation		18 ± 1^†	19 ± 1^†	18 ± 1^†
24 hrs after resuscitation	38 ± 1	19 ± 2^†, ^*	17 ± 1^†,^*	19 ± 1^†,^*

Arterial blood samples were analyzed: before induction of hemorrhage (baseline), after hemorrhage, before resuscitation, at the end of resuscitation and 24 hrs after resuscitation. Data are expressed as mean ± sem, n≥9 in each group. ANOVA, p < 0.05 vs. Sham

p < 0.05 vs. Control in comparison between treatment groups

^†

p < 0.05 compared to the baseline conditions in the same group.