Table 2.

Antimicrobial effects of chitosan preparations: a summary of animal studies.

Chitosan preparations	Models of infection	Animal species	Microorganisms	Major results/conclusions	Ref.
Chitosan acetate bandage	Open skin wound infection	Mouse	Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus	Chitosan acetate rapidly kills bacteria in the wounds	[20]
Chitosan incorporated with polyphosphate and silver	Open skin wound infection	Mouse	P. aeruginosa and S. aureus	Significantly reduced mortality of mice from 90 to 14.3%	[19]
Chitosan acetate bandage	Burn infection	Mouse	P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis	Significantly reduced mortality of mice	[21]
Chitosan gel loaded with triclosan	Surgical infection	Rat	S. aureus	Satisfactory preventive effect against infection presented	[22]
Chitosan bar loaded with gentamicin	Osteomyelitis	Rabbit	Not reported	Significant antibacterial activity showed	[23]
Trimethyl chitosan/glycerophosphate mixture	Oral mucositis	Porcine	Not reported	Mixture was characterized by antimicrobial properties	[24]
Intravesical chitosan	Hemorrhagic cystitis	Rat	Not reported	Used within 1 h of cyclophosphamide administration, chitosan seemed to have the possibility to inhibit the appearance of hemorrhagic cystitis	[25]