Table 3.
Wound-healing effects of chitosan preparations: a summary of in vitro studies.
| Chitosan preparations | Mammalian cells | Major results/conclusions | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chitosan | Keratinocytes | Molecular-weight-dependent induction of apoptotic cell death; release of inflammatory cytokines stimulated | [34] |
| Chitosan | Fibroblasts and keratinocytes | Chitosan-stimulated fibroblast proliferation and inhibited keratinocyte mitogenesis | [35] |
| Chitosan porous skin regeneration templates | Keratinocytes | Cyto-compatible; stimulated cell proliferation; DNA damage induced; secretion of TNF-α and IL-8 observed | [42] |
| Chitosan | Osteoblast | Significantly increased osteoblast differentiation | [37] |
| Chitosan | ACL | Chitosan stimulated ACL cells to secrete more fibronectin, TGF-β1 and collagen III. After coating fibronectin on chitosan surface, ACL cell adhesion was improved | [43] |
| Chitosan-based membranes | PMNs | Chitosan did not elicit activation of PMNs | [29] |
| Chitosan | Polymorphonuclear neutrophils | Chitosan accelerated the production of osteopontin from polymorphonuclear leukocytes | [30] |
| Chitosan | Macrophage | Chitosan had a stimulatory effect on both macrophage NO production and chemotaxis | [32] |
ACL: Anterior cruciate ligament cell; NO: Nitric oxide; PMN: Polymorphonuclear neutrophil.