Evaluation of cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte size in adeno-associated virus serotype-9 (AAV-9) microdystrophin-treated mdx mice. Representative Masson trichrome staining photomicrographs from the hearts of BL10, untreated mdx, and AAV microdystrophin-treated mdx mice. Blue staining shows fibrosis. (a) Age-matched BL10 control. (b) Untreated mdx. (c) A 16-month-old mdx mouse treated for 4 months. (d) A 16-month-old mdx mouse treated for 8 months. (e) A 20-month-old mdx mouse treated for 3 months. (f) Another 20-month-old mdx mouse treated for 3 months. (g) Quantification of heart hydroxyproline content in untreated and AAV-treated mdx mice. *P ≤ 0.016. (h) Quantification of cardiomyocyte size in BL10, untreated mdx, and AAV microdystrophin-treated mdx mice. AU, arbitrary unit. *Significantly different from other groups. BL10, age and gender-matched control; mdx, untreated mdx; AAV, AAV microdystrophin-treated mdx.