Table 2.
Characteristics and attitudes of 292 pregnant women in Massachusetts, according to gestational weight gain (GWG) goal concordance with current Institute of Medicine (IOM)
| Variable | N | % | No GWG goal (%) | Goal discordant with IOM (%) | Goal concordant with IOM (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual household income | |||||
| <$70,000 | 76 | 30.3 | 40.2 | 22.7 | 26.9 |
| $70,000–$100,000 | 58 | 23.1 | 27.8 | 20.8 | 17.3 |
| >$100,000 | 117 | 46.6 | 32.0 | 56.4 | 55.8 |
| P-trend | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.24 | ||
| Education | |||||
| Some high school/high school graduate | 23 | 8.1 | 12.3 | 6.9 | 1.9 |
| Some college/college/graduate | 261 | 91.9 | 87.7 | 93.1 | 98.2 |
| P-value | 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.05 | ||
| Parity | |||||
| 0 | 130 | 45.6 | 43.9 | 47.0 | 46.3 |
| 1 | 108 | 37.9 | 36.0 | 37.6 | 42.6 |
| ≥2 | 47 | 16.5 | 20.2 | 15.4 | 11.1 |
| P-trend | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.45 | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 190 | 65.1 | 50.0 | 71.4 | 87.0 |
| Non-white | 102 | 34.9 | 50.0 | 28.6 | 13.0 |
| P-value | <0.01 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| <18.5 | 12 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 7.4 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 172 | 59.7 | 58.3 | 57.1 | 68.5 |
| 25–29.9 | 68 | 23.6 | 27.0 | 24.4 | 14.8 |
| ≥30 | 36 | 12.5 | 12.2 | 14.3 | 9.3 |
| P-trend | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.03 | ||
| Actively tried to lose weight the year before getting pregnant | |||||
| Yes | 142 | 49.3 | 41.4 | 55.1 | 53.7 |
| P-value | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.46 | ||
| Obesity is an important health problem for women during pregnancy | |||||
| Strongly agree/agree | 274 | 97.8 | 89.2 | 85.0 | 93.6 |
| P-value | 0.68 | 0.13 | 0.11 | ||
| Obesity is an important health problem in society | iety | ||||
| Strongly agree/agree | 251 | 90.3 | 96.4 | 98.3 | 98.2 |
| P-value | 0.23 | 1.00 | 0.57 | ||
| Satisfied with weight prior to pregnancy | 99 | 34.2 | 35.3 | 32.8 | 35.2 |
| P-value | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.86 | ||
| Trust advice from your doctor | |||||
| Trust a lot | 269 | 95.0 | 94.7 | 94.9 | 96.2 |
| P-value | 0.84 | 0.90 | 0.69 | ||
| Weight before pregnancy can affect health of her pregnancy | |||||
| Strongly agree/agree | 261 | 93.2 | 86.8 | 96.7 | 97.3 |
| P-value | <0.01 | 0.20 | 0.03 | ||
| Weight before pregnancy can affect long-term health of child | |||||
| Strongly agree/agree | 220 | 78.6 | 70.4 | 80.0 | 85.2 |
| P-value | <0.01 | 0.70 | 0.03 | ||
| Worry that might get fat during pregnancy | |||||
| Strongly agree/agree | 168 | 60.2 | 53.5 | 73.3 | 61.10 |
| P-value | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.8 | ||
| As long as I am eating well, I don't care how much I gain | |||||
| Strongly agree/agree | 167 | 59.4 | 68.4 | 50.8 | 55.1 |
| P-value | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.25 | ||
| If I gain too much weight one month, I try to keep from gaining the next month | |||||
| Strongly agree/agree | 62 | 22.2 | 25.3 | 40.0 | 19.3 |
| P-value | 0.13 | <0.01 | 0.2 | ||
| Tried to keep weight down to not look pregnant | |||||
| Strongly agree/agree | 21 | 7.5 | 4.4 | 9.8 | 10.1 |
| P-value | 0.1 | 0.49 | 0.24 | ||
| Past month fast food consumption | |||||
| Never | 92 | 32.1 | 70.2 | 66.4 | 66.0 |
| P-value | 0.50 | 0.63 | 0.74 | ||
| Past month sugar sweetened beverage consumption | |||||
| <1×/week | 53 | 19.3 | 12.0 | 23.5 | 24.5 |
| ≥1×/week | 224 | 80.9 | 88.0 | 76.5 | 75.5 |
| P-trend | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.27 | ||
| Past month fruit consumption | |||||
| ≤1 once per week | 177 | 61.5 | 29.8 | 42.0 | 48.2 |
| P-value | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.10 | ||
| Past month vegetable consumption | |||||
| ≤1 once per day | 200 | 69.4 | 73.7 | 68.9 | 63.0 |
| P-value | 0.20 | 0.86 | 0.25 | ||
| Moderate physical activity | |||||
| <2.5 h/week | 206 | 70.6 | 78.5 | 55.6 | 68.9 |
| ≥2.5 h/week | 86 | 29.5 | 21.6 | 44.4 | 31.1 |
| P-trend | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.6 | ||
| Vigorous physical activity | |||||
| ≤1.5 h/week | 161 | 55.1 | 65.5 | 55.6 | 43.7 |
| >1.5 h/week | 131 | 44.9 | 34.5 | 44.4 | 56.3 |
| P-trend | <0.01 | 0.90 | <0.01 |
*
Sample size varies due to missing data