Table 2.
Listing of major health studies related to solid fuel combustion in India
| Outcome | Study reference | Outcome details | Exposure | Reported range of OR/RR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low birth weight | Mavalankar et al (39), Case–control | Hospital births; birth weight measure not reported; term and preterm estimates | Cooking with solid fuels | 1.23 ( 1.01–1.5) |
| Tielsch et al (40), Cohort | Trained FWs – scales within 72 hours; term and preterm estimates | Cooking with wood/dung versus gas/kerosene | 1.7(0.92–3.10) | |
| Pope et al (19) Meta analysis | Five studies were included in the meta-analysis for generation of the overall pooled odds ratio | Cooking with solid fuels | 1.38 (1.25–1.52) | |
| Still birth | Mavalankar et al (41), Case–control | Hospital still birth (n=451). Early neonatal death (n=160) (within 1 week). Controls: surviving >7 days – same hospital | Cooking with solid fuels | 1.5 (1.04–2.17) |
| Mishra et al (42), Cross-sectional survey | ‘Dead baby after 28th week of pregnancy.’ Complete birth histories from Nationally representative sample | Cooking with wood/dung versus gas/electricity | 1.44 (1.05–1.98) | |
| Tielsch et al (40), Cohort | Delivery after 28 weeks in which fetus born dead. Excluded early neonatal deaths | Cooking with wood/dung versus gas/kerosene | 1.34 (0.76–2.36) | |
| ALRI | Mishra et al (42), Cross-sectional | Self-reported symptoms/DHS surveys | Cooking with solid fuels and exposure to tobacco smoke | 1.58 (1.28–1.95) |
| Dherani et al (18), Meta-analysis | 24 studies included in the meta-analysis for generation of the overall pooled odds ratio for ALRI in children under five years | Cooking with solid fuels and exposure to tobacco smoke | 1.78 ( 1.45–2.18) | |
| Lung cancer | Gupta et al (43), Case–Control | Cancer of the lung, trachea, bronchus as confirmed by histology; clinical diagnosis with radiology | Cooking with solid fuels | 1.52 (0.33–6.98) |
| Sapkota et al (21), Case–Control | 3.76 (1.64–8.63) | |||
| Hosgood et al (44), Meta-analysis | 25 studies included in the meta-analysis for generation of the overall pooled OR for Lung cancer | Coal use | 2.15 (1.61–2.89) | |
| COPD | Behera et al (45), Descriptive study | COPD as defined clinically | Cooking with solid fuels | 3.04 (2.15-4.31) |
| Qureshi et al (46), Case–Control | COPD as defined clinically | 2.10 (1.50 to 2.94) | ||
| Kurmi et al (20), Systematic review and Meta-analysis | 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis for generation of the overall pooled OR | 2.80 (1.85–4.0) | ||
| Cataract | Mohan et al (47), Case–Control | 1441 patients with age-related cataracts and 549 controls | Cooking with solid fuels | 1.61 (1.02–2.50) |
| Zodpey et al (48), Case–control | 223 clinically diagnosed cataract women and equal number of age-matched controls | 2.37 (1.44–4.13) | ||
| Pokhrel et al (49), Case–control | Cases (n=206) were women patients, aged 35–75 years with confirmed cataracts. Controls (n=203), frequency matched by age, were patients attending the refractive error clinic at the same hospital | 1.90 (1.00–3.61) | ||
| Blindness | Mishra et al (50), Cross-sectional | National Family Health Survey (NFHS) questionnaire data | Cooking with solid fuels | 1.32 (1.16–1.50) |
| Tuberculosis | Gupta et al (51), Case–control | Tuberculosis | Cooking with solid fuels | 2.54 (1.07–6.04) |
| Mishra et al (52), Cross-sectional | National Family Health Survey (NFHS) questionnaire data | 2.58 (1.98–3.37) | ||
| Shetty et al53, Case–control | Cases – new diagnoses of pulmonary TB. Age- and sex-matched controls, one for each case (n=189) | 0.90 (0.46–1.76) | ||
| Kolappan et al (54), Case–control | Definition of cases either by sputum smear or culture examination. Five age-sex matched controls per case | 1.7 (1–2.9) | ||
| Lakshmi et al (55), Case–control | Physician-diagnosed cases of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and matched controls per case | 3.14(1.15–8.56) | ||
| Behera et al (56), Case–control | Sputum positive tuberculosis (TB) and 109 healthy controls | 0.60 (0.22–1.63) |