Table 1.
Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| Characteristic | Patients(n = 288) |
95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | ||
| Age, years | |||
| < 60 | 111 | 38.5 | 32.9 to 44.4 |
| ≥ 60 | 177 | 61.5 | 55.6 to 67.1 |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 89 | 30.9 | 25.6 to 36.5 |
| Male | 199 | 69.1 | 63.4 to 74.4 |
| Race | |||
| White | 199 | 69.1 | 63.4 to 74.4 |
| African American | 29 | 10.1 | 6.8 to 14.1 |
| Hispanic | 37 | 12.8 | 9.2 to 17.3 |
| Asian | 23 | 8 | 5.1 to 11.7 |
| Educational level | |||
| ≤ High school | 127 | 44.1 | 38.3 to 50 |
| Some college | 66 | 22.9 | 18.2 to 28.2 |
| College degree | 95 | 33 | 27.6 to 38.7 |
| Hepatitis infection status | |||
| HBV | 38 | 13.2 | 9.5 to 17.7 |
| HCV | 60 | 20.8 | 16.3 to 25.9 |
| HBV and HCV | 27 | 9.4 | 6.3 to 13.3 |
| None | 163 | 56.6 | 50.7 to 62.4 |
| Alcohol consumption, mL ethanol/d | |||
| None | 93 | 32.3 | 26.9 to 38.0 |
| ≤ 60 | 131 | 45.5 | 39.6 to 51.4 |
| > 60 | 64 | 22.2 | 17.6 to 27.5 |
| Cigarette smoking, packs per year | |||
| None | 91 | 31.6 | 26.2 to 37.3 |
| ≤ 20 | 76 | 26.4 | 21.4 to 31.9 |
| > 20 | 121 | 42 | 36.2 to 47.9 |
| First-degree history of liver cancer | |||
| No | 274 | 95.1 | 91.9 to 97.3 |
| Yes | 14 | 4.9 | 2.7 to 8 |
| History of diabetes, years before HCC diagnosis | |||
| None | 191 | 66.3 | 60.5 to 71.8 |
| ≤ 1 | 13 | 4.5 | 2.4 to 7.6 |
| > 1 | 84 | 29.2 | 23.9 to 34.8 |
| Serum AFP level, ng/mL | |||
| < 400 | 199 | 69.1 | 63.4 to 74.4 |
| ≥ 400 | 86 | 29.9 | 24.6 to 35.5 |
| Missing | 3 | 1 | 0.2 to 3.3 |
| Tumor differentiation | |||
| Well | 112 | 38.9 | 33.2 to 44.8 |
| Moderate | 95 | 33 | 27.6 to 38.7 |
| Poor | 50 | 17.4 | 13.2 to 22.2 |
| Unknown | 31 | 10.8 | 7.4 to 14.9 |
| Tumor size, % of liver | |||
| ≤ 50 | 191 | 66.3 | 60.5 to 71.8 |
| > 50 | 97 | 33.7 | 28.2 to 39.5 |
| Vascular invasion | |||
| Yes | 53 | 18.4 | 14.1 to 23.4 |
| No | 235 | 81.6 | 76.6 to 85.9 |
| Distant metastasis | |||
| Yes | 60 | 20.8 | 16.3 to 25.9 |
| No | 228 | 79.2 | 74 to 83.7 |
| Tumor nodularity | |||
| Uninodular | 105 | 36.5 | 30.9 to 42.3 |
| Multinodular | 183 | 63.5 | 57.7 to 69.1 |
| Lymph node involvement | |||
| Yes | 122 | 42.4 | 36.6 to 48.3 |
| No | 166 | 57.6 | 51.7 to 63.4 |
| Cirrhosis | |||
| Yes | 173 | 60.1 | 54.2 to 65.8 |
| No | 115 | 39.9 | 34.2 to 45.8 |
| Child-Pugh class | |||
| A | 206 | 71.5 | 65.9 to 76.7 |
| B | 76 | 26.4 | 21.4 to 31.9 |
| C | 6 | 2.1 | 0.7 to 4.4 |
| TNM stage | |||
| I | 45 | 15.6 | 11.6 to 20.3 |
| II | 32 | 11.1 | 7.7 to 15.3 |
| III | 157 | 54.5 | 48.6 to 60.4 |
| IV | 54 | 18.8 | 14.4 to 23.7 |
| Treatment exposure | |||
| None | 39 | 13.5 | 9.8 to 18 |
| Chemotherapy alone | 97 | 33.7 | 28.2 to 39.5 |
| Chemotherapy and others | 34 | 11.8 | 8.3 to 16.1 |
| Surgery alone | 35 | 12.2 | 8.6 to 16.5 |
| Surgery and others | 54 | 18.7 | 14.4 to 23.7 |
| Local therapies | 29 | 10.1 | 6.8 to 14.1 |
Abbreviations: AFP, α-fetoprotein; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus.