Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants Who Completed the 24-Week Trial
| Sociodemographic, ART regimen, HIV clinical, and substance use characteristics | No. (%) of participants (n = 65) |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 47 (7) |
| Male sex | 34 (52) |
| Race | |
| White | 7 (11) |
| African American | 27 (41) |
| Other | 31 (48) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Hispanic | 30 (46) |
| Non-Hispanic | 35 (54) |
| Education | |
| Less than high school | 32 (49) |
| High school (partial or completed) | 16 (25) |
| College (partial or completed) | 17 (26) |
| Marital status | |
| Married or living with partner | 29 (45) |
| Widowed, separated, or divorced | 19 (29) |
| Single | 17 (26) |
| Employment status | |
| Employed | 2 (3) |
| Unemployed or unable to work | 63 (97) |
| Insurance | |
| Medicaid | 58 (89) |
| Medicare | 13 (20) |
| Private insurance | 5 (8) |
| Self-reported 7-day antiretroviral adherence rate, % | |
| 100 | 49 (75) |
| <100 | 15 (23) |
| Median duration of HIV infection, years (IQR) | 13 (9–16) |
| Duration of antiretroviral therapy, years | |
| <1 | 14 (22) |
| 1–5 | 28 (43) |
| >5 | 19 (29) |
| Antiretroviral regimen | |
| PI-containing | 61 (94) |
| NNRTI-containing | 15 (23) |
| No. of pills in antiretroviral regimena | |
| 1 | 6 (9) |
| 2 | 32 (49) |
| 3 | 22 (34) |
| 4 | 4 (6) |
| 5 | 1 (2) |
| Antiretroviral dosing regimen | |
| Once per day | 17 (26) |
| 2 or more times per day | 48 (74) |
| Viral load, copies/mL | |
| <75 | 30 (46) |
| 75–400 | 5 (8) |
| 401–10 000 | 20 (31) |
| 10 001–100 000 | 9 (14) |
| >100 000 | 1 (2) |
| Undetectable viral load of <75 copies/mL | 30 (46) |
| Mean viral load, log10 copies/mL | 2.74 |
| Median CD4+ T-cell count, cells/μL (IQR) (n = 63) | 339 (151–494) |
| Median duration of methadone maintenance, years (IQR) (n = 45) | 10 (5–16) |
| Median methadone dose, mg (IQR) (n = 63) | 130 (90–180) |
| Drug used according to end-of-intervention urine toxicology test (n = 57) | |
| Opioidb | 16 (25) |
| Cocainec | 32 (49) |
| Benzodiazepines | 4 (6) |
| Amphetamines | 1 (2) |
Data are no. (%) of participants, unless otherwise indicated.Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; SD, standard deviation.
a
Participants reporting <3 pills were prescribed combination pills containing multiple antiretroviral medications coformulated in 1 pill.
b
Other than methadone.
c
Including crack cocaine.