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The hydrophobic properties of YscF needles. (A) YscF was quantitatively extracted by n-hexadecane (lane 2, arrow) from a solution of needles (lane 1). (B) Upon the addition of salt the needles dimerize via their end (arrows), which contacts the host cell membrane. (The scale bar is 50 nm.) (C) Needles attached to a hydrophobic 0.3-μm latex bead.
