Table 2.

Clinical, seizure and MRI characteristics, neurodevelopmental outcome for 13 children with neonatal encephalopathy and childhood epilepsy.

Age and Gender	Neonatal Evaluation		Follow-Up
Age and Gender	Neonatal seizures	MRI	Epilepsy	Neurodevelopmental outcome^*
Deceased Male	Clinical and electrographic; status epilepticus	Near-total brain injury	Class 5 Onset unknown Daily seizures refractory to phenobarbital, clonazepam, valproic acid, gabapentin, primidone, ketogenic diet	Age 2 Bayley II MDI – 49 NMS 5
14 year old male	Clinical and electrographic; status epilepticus	Single focal abnormality (Watershed pattern)	Class 1 Onset 15 months Carbamazepine monotherapy	Age 10 WISC FSIQ - 49 NMS 0
13 year old female	Clinical only	Near-total brain injury	Class 1 Onset 4 years Levetiracetam monotherapy	Age 4 WPPSI-R FSIQ - 49 NMS 5 Cortical visual impairment
13 year old male	Clinical and electrographic; status epilepticus	Abnormal signal in the thalamus, lentiform nucleus and perirolandic cortex Abnormal signal in both anterior and posterior watershed zones (Watershed pattern)	Class 1 Onset before 1 month Levetiracetam monotherapy	Age 4 WPPSI-R FSIQ - 49 NMS 5
12 year old male	Clinical and electrographic	Abnormal signal in the thalamus, lentiform nucleus and perirolandic cortex (Basal ganglia/thalamus pattern)	Class 0 Onset before 1 month Infantile spasms Not on AED	Age 4 WPPSI-R FSIQ - 49 NMS 5 Dystonia, cortical visual impairment
11 year old male	Clinical and electrographic	Abnormal signal in both anterior and posterior watershed zones (Watershed pattern)	Class 0 Onset 6 months Not on AED	Age 2 Bayley II MDI - 49 NMS 5 Cortical visual impairment
11 year old male	Clinical and electrographic; status epilepticus	Abnormal signal in both anterior and posterior watershed zones, plus more extensive involvement (Watershed pattern)	Class 1 Onset 4 months Phenobarbital monotherapy	Age 4 WPPSI-R FSIQ - 49 NMS 5
10 year old female	Clinical and electrographic	Abnormal signal in the thalamus and lentiform nucleus (Basal ganglia/thalamus pattern)	Class 2 Onset 5 years Levetiracetam monotherapy	Age 5 WPPSI-R FSIQ - 49 NMS 5 Dystonia
8 year old female	Clinical and electrographic	Abnormal signal in the thalamus Abnormal signal in both anterior and posterior watershed zones (Watershed pattern)	Class 2 Onset 5 years Phenytoin monotherapy	No follow up
5 year old male	Clinical only	Near-total brain injury	Class 5 Onset 6 months Infantile spasms Zonisamide monotherapy	Age 6 months NMS 5 Cortical visual impairment, G-tube fed
2.5 year old male	Clinical only	Abnormal signal in anterior or posterior watershed white matter (Watershed pattern)	Class 1 Onset 22 months Oxcarbazepine monotherapy	Age 2.5 year Bayley III cognitive 80 NMS 2
2 year old female	Clinical and electrographic; status epilepticus	Near-total brain injury	Class 2 Onset 2 months Valproic acid monotherapy	Age 1 Bayley III cognitive 55 NMS 5 Cortical visual impairment
2 year old female	Clinical and electrographic	Abnormal signal in both anterior and posterior watershed zones, plus more extensive involvement (Watershed pattern)	Class 2 Onset 12 months Levetiracetam monotherapy	Age 1 Bayley III cognitive 55 NMS: 5 G-tube fed

Bayley II/III Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2^nd and 3^rd edition; MDI Mental Developmental Index; WISC Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; WPPSI-R Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised; FSIQ Full Scale Intelligence Quotient; AED anti-epileptic drug; NMS neuromotor score; G-tube gastrostomy tube

Neurodevelopmental performance: Scores are from the last evaluation administered. All tests have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. A score of 49 denotes extremely poor performance more than 3 standard deviations or lower, or untestable.